Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2021 Mar 1;16(3):360-366. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0736. Epub 2020 Dec 11.
Games-based drills (GBD) are the predominant form of training stimulus prescribed to male and female basketball players. Despite being readily manipulated during GBD, the impact of defensive strategy on the sex-specific demands of GBD remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify and compare the heart-rate (HR) responses experienced during 5v5 GBD using different defensive strategies (man-to-man defense vs zone defense [ZD] formations) according to player sex.
HR was recorded in 11 professional male and 10 professional female basketball players while performing 5v5 GBD with different defensive strategies (man-to-man defense or ZD). HR-based training load was also calculated using the summated heart-rate zones model.
During man-to-man defense, mean HR (ηp2=.02), relative time (in percentage) spent working at 90% to 100% maximal HR (ηp2=.03), and summated heart-rate zones (ηp2=.02) were greater (P < .05) in female players compared with males. During ZD, higher (P < .01) peak HR (ηp2=.07), mean HR (ηp2=.11), relative and absolute (in minutes) time spent working at 80% to 89% maximal HR (ηp2=.03 and .03, respectively) and 90% to 100% maximal HR (ηp2=.12 and .09, respectively), and summated heart-rate zones (ηp2=.19) were observed in female players compared with males.
The defensive strategy employed during 5v5 full-court GBD influences HR responses and training load differently according to sex, where female players experience higher HR responses than males, especially when ZD are adopted. Basketball coaching staff can use these findings for the precise manipulation of team defenses during GBD to elicit desired cardiovascular stress on players.
基于游戏的训练（GBD）是目前规定男、女篮球运动员进行的主要训练刺激形式。尽管在 GBD 中可以很容易地进行操作，但防守策略对 GBD 中性别特异性需求的影响尚不清楚。因此，本研究的目的是根据球员性别，量化和比较使用不同防守策略（人盯人防守与区域联防[ZD]）进行 5v5 GBD 时的心率（HR）反应。
11 名职业男性和 10 名职业女性篮球运动员在进行 5v5 GBD 时，分别采用人盯人防守和区域联防，记录其 HR。还使用总和心率区模型计算基于 HR 的训练负荷。
在人盯人防守中，女性运动员的平均 HR（ηp2=.02）、90%至 100%最大 HR 的相对时间（百分比）（ηp2=.03）和总和心率区（ηp2=.02）大于男性（P<.05）。在区域联防中，女性运动员的峰值 HR（ηp2=.07）、平均 HR（ηp2=.11）、80%至 89%最大 HR（ηp2=.03 和ηp2=.03）和 90%至 100%最大 HR（ηp2=.12 和ηp2=.09）的相对和绝对时间（以分钟计）以及总和心率区（ηp2=.19）均高于男性（P<.01）。
在 5v5 全场 GBD 中使用的防守策略会根据性别不同而对 HR 反应和训练负荷产生不同的影响，女性运动员的 HR 反应高于男性运动员，尤其是采用区域联防时。篮球教练组可以利用这些发现，在 GBD 中精确调整球队防守，以对球员产生所需的心血管压力。
