Evolutionary journey of programmatic services and treatment outcomes among drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) patients under National TB Elimination Programme in India (2005-2020).

India, with one-fourth of global burden of tuberculosis as well as multidrug-resistant TB, made bold commitment to end TB by 2025. There is no documented comprehensive review of the evolutionary journey of India's DRTB service expansion and changes in the treatment outcome so far. The current document presents evolution and journey of programmatic services and the progress in treatment outcomes among DRTB patients since 2005 with efforts cum challenges in nationwide scale-up of evidence-based policies and services, opportunities and future prospects for universalizing quality care - an essential ingredient to end TB in India. In the era of standardized longer treatment regimen till 2017, only half of the patients were successfully treated. Interventions to address factors associated with access and quality of care introduced since 2018 like universal drug susceptibility testing (UDST) guided treatment with shorter regimen, newer drugs, social protection; accelerated detection and began enhancing survival and success rate in recent DR-TB patient cohorts. Patient-centric care; robust TB/DR-TB surveillance system, shorter effective safer regimens and innovations, a milestone essential to end TB in India by 2025 to accomplish the vision of the Prime Minister of India.