García-Toyos N, March-Cerdá J C, Chillón-Martínez R, Escudero-Carretero M J
Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Cuesta del Observatorio 4, Granada, España.
Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Cuesta del Observatorio 4, Granada, España; Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica y en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, España; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, España.
Semergen. 2021 Jan-Feb;47(1):12-27. doi: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.05.019. Epub 2020 Dec 11.
The prevalence of premenstrual discomfort among Spanish women is very high, and has a negative impact on their quality of life. By adopting the biopsychosocial approach, this study aims to understand women's experiences and insights, delve further into their beliefs and attitudes towards premenstrual syndrome and menstrual suppression, and to identify their proposals in order to adapt healthcare professionals' response to their needs and demands.
A qualitative study was conducted based on individual in-depth interviews with 16 women located in the Granada region. Purposive sampling was made using theoretical profiles. Informed consent was given. The study included data assessment, investigator triangulation, and a literature review.
Premenstrual discomfort has an impact on physical and psychological health, disrupting daily lives and resulting in self-medication. Healthcare is considered deficient, since remedies are limited to medicalisation, but the source of the discomfort is not investigated. Different beliefs about the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) were found: PMS is inherent to menstrual cycle and cannot be avoided; PMS is the result of endogenous factors (such as genetics, defects or biochemical and hormonal disorders); exogenous factors (such as stress, eating habits, or exercise); the science and industry describe and treat PMS as a disease. Menstrual suppression is considered an option by women with children, though there is reticence due to the side effects found. Health education programmes for women are proposed, as well as the appropriate training for health professionals in order to overcome the pharmacological approach.
The biopsychosocial approach helps to determine the perspective of the women, their needs and expectations in order to provide better healthcare services to premenstrual discomfort patients.
西班牙女性经前不适的发生率非常高，且对她们的生活质量有负面影响。本研究采用生物心理社会方法，旨在了解女性的经历和见解，进一步探究她们对经前综合征和月经抑制的信念及态度，并确定她们的建议，以便使医疗保健专业人员的应对措施符合她们的需求。
基于对格拉纳达地区16名女性进行的个人深度访谈开展了一项定性研究。采用理论概况进行目的抽样。获得了知情同意。该研究包括数据评估、研究者三角互证法和文献综述。
经前不适对身心健康有影响，扰乱日常生活并导致自我用药。医疗保健被认为存在不足，因为治疗方法仅限于药物治疗，而未对不适的根源进行调查。发现了对经前综合征（PMS）的不同信念：PMS是月经周期固有的，无法避免；PMS是内源性因素（如遗传、缺陷或生化及激素紊乱）的结果；外源性因素（如压力、饮食习惯或运动）的结果；科学和产业界将PMS描述并视为一种疾病进行治疗。有孩子的女性认为月经抑制是一种选择，不过由于发现的副作用而有所顾虑。建议为女性开展健康教育项目，并为医疗保健专业人员提供适当培训，以克服单纯的药物治疗方法。
生物心理社会方法有助于确定女性的观点、她们的需求和期望，以便为经前不适患者提供更好的医疗服务。
