Vannala Venkataramana, Palaian Subish, Shankar Pathiyil Ravi
Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE.
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE.
Int J Prev Med. 2020 Oct 5;11:166. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_33_19. eCollection 2020.
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are a commonly used class of drugs for the treatment of bone disorders. An extensive review of BPs with their clinical efficacy and safety profile is unavailable. This study aimed to review the available literature on BPs, summarize their role in clinical therapy, and emphasize their safety profile. Authors reviewed the existing literature using the Google Scholar, PubMed, and Micromedex databases and analyzed the collected articles. BPs are the preferred medication for osteoporosis and other similar conditions owing to their efficient antiosteoclastic activity. Few of them are available in oral dosage forms; hence, they are patient-friendly. The mechanism of action, common adverse effects and their clinical applications, precautions and warnings pertaining to the route of administration, and safety profiles have been discussed in this manuscript. The common adverse effects are majorly related to the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and endocrine system. Upon chronic usage, patients may experience serious problems like osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical bone fractures. Although BPs are effective and safe, they may cause GI adverse effects and rare cases of osteonecrosis. Patient counseling could prove beneficial in early identification and prevention of the adverse effects associated with BPs.
双膦酸盐（BPs）是一类常用于治疗骨骼疾病的药物。目前尚无对双膦酸盐及其临床疗效和安全性的全面综述。本研究旨在回顾关于双膦酸盐的现有文献，总结它们在临床治疗中的作用，并强调其安全性。作者使用谷歌学术、PubMed和Micromedex数据库检索了现有文献，并对收集到的文章进行了分析。由于双膦酸盐具有高效的抗破骨细胞活性，它们是治疗骨质疏松症和其他类似病症的首选药物。其中少数有口服剂型，因此对患者很友好。本文讨论了双膦酸盐的作用机制、常见不良反应及其临床应用、给药途径相关的注意事项和警告以及安全性。常见不良反应主要与胃肠道、心血管和内分泌系统有关。长期使用时，患者可能会出现如颌骨坏死和非典型骨折等严重问题。虽然双膦酸盐有效且安全，但它们可能会引起胃肠道不良反应以及罕见的骨坏死病例。患者咨询有助于早期识别和预防与双膦酸盐相关的不良反应。
