Liu Ming, Zhang Ai-Jun, Chen Xiao-Guang, Jin Rong, Zhao Peng, Jiang Wei, Tang Zhong-Hou
Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou 221131, Jiangsu, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2020 Oct;31(10):3445-3452. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202010.022.
Two-year field experiments were conducted in 2017-2018 to examine the effects of wheat straw returning and fertilization on soil fertility and enzyme activities, as well as the yield and qua-lity of edible sweetpoato. There were five treatments, including conventional fertilization+zero straw (CK), conventional fertilization+50% straw returning (50%S), zero fertilization+100% straw returning (100%S-F), conventional fertilization+100% straw returning (100%S), conventional fertilization+100% straw retuning+150 kg N·hm (100%S+N). The treatments of straw returning and fertilization significantly increased the contents of available phosphorus (P), hydroly-zable nitrogen (N), total N, and organic matter in soils, and increased the activities of soil catalase, alkaline phosphorylase, urease, and invertase. The storage root yield, single root fresh weight and commodity potato rate were significantly increased under the treatments of straw returning and fertilization. The storage root yield was the lowest under the treatment of 50%S. After two years of straw returning, storage root yield and commodity potato rate were the highest under the treatment of 100%S. In general, the contents of starch and protein in sweetpotato were increased after two years of straw returning and fertilization, but the contents of reducing sugar and soluble sugar were decreased under 100%S and 100%S+N treatments. Our results suggested that straw returning in full quantity was better than straw returning in half quantity. The storage root yield and commodity potato rate was the highest under the combination of full quantity straw returning and conventional fertilization, with the taste of sweetpotato being changed. Thus, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately reduced in actual practice.
2017 - 2018年进行了为期两年的田间试验，以研究小麦秸秆还田和施肥对土壤肥力、酶活性以及食用甘薯产量和品质的影响。试验设置了五个处理，包括常规施肥 + 不秸秆还田（CK）、常规施肥 + 50%秸秆还田（50%S）、不施肥 + 100%秸秆还田（100%S - F）、常规施肥 + 100%秸秆还田（100%S）、常规施肥 + 100%秸秆还田 + 150 kg N·hm²（100%S + N）。秸秆还田和施肥处理显著增加了土壤中有效磷（P）、水解氮（N）、全氮和有机质的含量，并提高了土壤过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性。秸秆还田和施肥处理显著提高了甘薯的块根产量、单根鲜重和商品薯率。50%S处理下块根产量最低。经过两年秸秆还田，100%S处理下块根产量和商品薯率最高。总体而言，经过两年秸秆还田和施肥后，甘薯淀粉和蛋白质含量增加，但100%S和100%S + N处理下还原糖和可溶性糖含量降低。我们的结果表明，全量秸秆还田优于半量秸秆还田。全量秸秆还田与常规施肥相结合时块根产量和商品薯率最高，甘薯口感发生了变化。因此，在实际生产中应适当减少氮肥用量。
