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Loeliger A, Loveless R, Madhusudanan Sreekala J, Mallampalli A, Pinna D, Ruggles T, Savin A, Shang V, Sharma V, Smith W H, Teague D, Trembath-Reichert S, Vetens W
Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia.
Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Wien, Austria.
Phys Rev Lett. 2020 Nov 27;125(22):222001. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.222001.
Ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions recreate in the laboratory the thermodynamical conditions prevailing in the early universe up to 10^{-6} sec, thereby allowing the study of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter with deconfined partons. The top quark, the heaviest elementary particle known, is accessible in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN LHC, and constitutes a novel probe of the QGP. Here, we report the first evidence for the production of top quarks in nucleus-nucleus collisions, using lead-lead collision data at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment. Two methods are used to measure the cross section for top quark pair production (σ_{tt[over ¯]}) via the selection of charged leptons (electrons or muons) and bottom quarks. One method relies on the leptonic information alone, and the second one exploits, in addition, the presence of bottom quarks. The measured cross sections, σ_{tt[over ¯]}=2.54_{-0.74}^{+0.84} and 2.03_{-0.64}^{+0.71} μb, respectively, are compatible with expectations from scaled proton-proton data and QCD predictions.
超相对论重离子碰撞在实验室中重现了早期宇宙直至10⁻⁶秒时普遍存在的热力学条件，从而使得对夸克-胶子等离子体（QGP）的研究成为可能，QGP是一种具有解禁夸克的量子色动力学（QCD）物质状态。顶夸克是已知最重的基本粒子，在欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机（CERN LHC）的核-核碰撞中可以产生，并且构成了对QGP的一种新型探针。在此，我们利用CMS实验记录的质心能量为5.02 TeV的铅-铅碰撞数据，报告了核-核碰撞中产生顶夸克的首个证据。通过选择带电轻子（电子或μ子）和底夸克，使用两种方法来测量顶夸克对产生的截面（σₜₜ̅）。一种方法仅依赖于轻子信息，另一种方法此外还利用了底夸克的存在。测量得到的截面分别为σₜₜ̅ = 2.54₋₀.₇₄⁺⁰.₈₄和2.03₋₀.₆₄⁺⁰.₇₁ μb，与来自标度质子-质子数据的预期以及QCD预测相符。
