School of Sport, York St John University, York, UK.
School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, UK.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2021 Dec;21(12):1637-1647. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1851775. Epub 2020 Dec 14.
Resource constraints complicate load monitoring practices in some academies, which is problematic based on load-injury associations surrounding periods of rapid non-linear growth. Limited research has explored relationships between maturation and perceived psycho-physiological response to activity and associated neuromuscular performance changes. This study aimed to quantify neuromuscular and psycho-physiological responses to standardised activity and analyse whether dose-responses were moderated by maturation. Fifty-seven male soccer players (age: 14.1 ± 0.9 years; stature: 165 ± 10 cm; body mass, 57 ± 9 kg; percentage of predicted adult height 92.7 ± 5%) from two Elite Player Performance Plan (EPPP) academies completed the youth soccer-specific aerobic fitness test (Y-SAFT). Countermovement jump (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), absolute (ABS) and relative leg stiffness (REL) were measured pre-post the Y-SAFT with playerload (PL), heart rate (HR), total distance (TD) and differential ratings of perceived exertion (dRPE) used as markers of load and intensity. A moderation model was employed to analyse interactions of maturation as a continuous variable. Analysis indicated no significant interaction () between maturation and neuromuscular performance but RPE-Technical demonstrated significant interactions ( = 0.01). Slope analysis indicated four variables (PL, RSI, ABS and REL) that demonstrated significance at various stages of maturation, most notably aligning with peak height velocity (∼87-96% PAH). Tentatively, we propose that maturational developments in the neuromuscular system offer some mechanistic explanation to the varied dose-responses observed. It is therefore important that maturation is habitually considered within prescription of training programmes and that further empirical studies are completed to determine maturity specific dose-responses.
资源限制使一些学院的负荷监测实践变得复杂，这是基于负荷与损伤之间的关联，特别是在快速非线性生长期间。有限的研究探讨了成熟度与对活动的感知心理生理反应以及相关神经肌肉表现变化之间的关系。本研究旨在量化标准化活动的神经肌肉和心理生理反应，并分析成熟度是否调节了剂量反应。来自两个精英球员表现计划（EPPP）学院的 57 名男性足球运动员（年龄：14.1±0.9 岁；身高：165±10 厘米；体重：57±9 公斤；预测成人身高的百分比 92.7±5%）完成了青少年足球特定的有氧健身测试（Y-SAFT）。纵跳（CMJ）、反应强度指数（RSI）、绝对（ABS）和相对腿部刚度（REL）在 Y-SAFT 前后进行测量，球员负荷（PL）、心率（HR）、总距离（TD）和差异感觉用力等级（dRPE）用作负荷和强度的标志物。采用调节模型分析成熟度作为连续变量的相互作用。分析表明，成熟度与神经肌肉表现之间没有显著的相互作用（），但 RPE-Technical 显示出显著的相互作用（=0.01）。斜率分析表明，四个变量（PL、RSI、ABS 和 REL）在成熟度的不同阶段表现出显著意义，最显著的是与身高突增高峰（约 87-96%PAH）对齐。我们推测，神经肌肉系统的成熟发展为观察到的不同剂量反应提供了一些机制解释。因此，在制定训练计划时习惯性地考虑成熟度非常重要，并且需要完成进一步的实证研究，以确定特定成熟度的剂量反应。
