School of Marketing and International Business, Spears School of Business, Oklahoma State University.
Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara.
Perspect Psychol Sci. 2021 May;16(3):590-613. doi: 10.1177/1745691620953096. Epub 2020 Dec 14.
Long-standing structural features of the military have created a culture and society that is dramatically different and disconnected from civilian society. Thus, veterans transitioning to civilian society face a number of challenges related to fulfilling basic psychological needs (e.g., need for structure and order, belonging) and civilians' reliance on stereotypes to understand military veterans. In an attempt to enrich the understanding of these challenges, we integrate social psychological theories and insights with research from sociology, clinical psychology, military psychology, and organizational behavior. Theories of compensatory control, stereotype threat, and stereotyping are drawn on to help explain the psychological challenges that veterans may encounter during their transition to civilian society. We present recent research that leverages these theories to understand issues veterans face. This theoretical integration illustrates the opportunity and potential for psychological researchers to conduct basic and applied research in the context of veterans and for clinicians and managers to draw on basic theory to inform programs and interventions.
长期以来，军队的结构特征造就了一种与 civilian society 截然不同且脱节的文化和社会。因此，退伍军人在向 civilian society 过渡时面临着许多挑战，这些挑战涉及满足基本的心理需求（例如，结构和秩序的需求、归属感）和 civilian society 对刻板印象的依赖，以理解退役军人。为了更深入地了解这些挑战，我们将社会心理学理论和观点与社会学、临床心理学、军事心理学和组织行为学的研究相结合。借鉴了补偿性控制、刻板印象威胁和刻板印象理论来帮助解释退伍军人在向 civilian society 过渡时可能遇到的心理挑战。我们介绍了最近利用这些理论来理解退伍军人所面临问题的研究。这种理论上的融合说明了心理研究人员在退役军人背景下进行基础和应用研究的机会和潜力，也说明了临床医生和管理者可以借鉴基础理论来为项目和干预措施提供信息。
