Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU de Caen, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, F-14000, Caen, France.
Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Université Caen Normandie, F-14000, Caen, France.
BMC Med Educ. 2020 Dec 14;20(1):508. doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-02426-5.
Vaccine hesitancy in healthcare workers has been increasing especially in France while they are the cornerstone of vaccination programs. Greater understanding of healthcare students (HCS) vaccine knowledge, attitudes and beliefs is necessary to provide an adequate vaccination education to better equip them to promote vaccination in their future careers. The aim of this study was to assess vaccination perception (VP) (perception of benefits and risks of vaccines) and its impact on vaccination coverage (VC) for mandatory and recommended vaccines among HCS.
A standardized, anonymous self-reporting electronic questionnaire was prospectively sent to HCS (medicine, nursing, pharmacy, midwifery, physiotherapy students and 1st year of health sciences students) of Normandy University in France between 18/03/2019 and 8/04/2019. VP was evaluated with questions regarding vaccination hesitancy, safety of vaccine and the benefit/risk balance of vaccination. Global VC (GVC) was defined as being vaccinated according to the mandatory and/or recommended vaccination schedule by national French law in 2018.
542 HCS took part in this survey. VC was high for mandatory (diphtheriae, poliomyelitis, tetanus 93.5%, hepatitis B virus 88.6%) and even most of recommended vaccinations (measles 95%, pertussis 88.2%). Global VC (40.4%) was not statistically different between HCS except for 1st year health sciences students who were less vaccinated (25.6%). Regarding VP, 97.8% of HCS thought that vaccine are effective. When vaccine safety and level of vaccine hesitancy were assessed (on a 0-10 scale, 0: not safe or not hesitant and 10: completely safe and strongly hesitant for vaccine), 91% of respondents stated that vaccine safety is ≥7 and in 80% the vaccine hesitancy was < 3. There was no difference among student categories. 80.6% of HCS recommended all vaccines but only 52% agreed that flu vaccination should be mandatory for HCS. In the multivariate analysis, being a 1st year health care sciences student was associated with a lower GVC (OR 95% CI = 2 [1.2-3.3], p = 0.004) than being a medical student.
HCS perceived vaccine as effective and secure. Despite the good perception of vaccines, less than half HCS are well vaccinated.
医护人员对接种疫苗的犹豫情绪一直在增加，尤其是在法国，而他们是疫苗接种计划的基石。为了为医护学生（HCS）提供适当的疫苗接种教育，使他们能够更好地在未来的职业生涯中推广疫苗接种，有必要更好地了解他们的疫苗知识、态度和信念。本研究的目的是评估 HCS 对强制性和推荐疫苗的疫苗接种感知（VP）（疫苗的益处和风险感知）及其对疫苗接种覆盖率（VC）的影响。
2019 年 3 月 18 日至 4 月 8 日，法国诺曼底大学的医学、护理、药学、助产、理疗学生和健康科学一年级学生以标准化、匿名的电子问卷形式进行前瞻性调查。通过有关疫苗犹豫、疫苗安全性和疫苗接种效益/风险平衡的问题来评估 VP。全球 VC（GVC）被定义为根据法国国家法律在 2018 年接种强制性和/或推荐的疫苗接种时间表。
共有 542 名 HCS 参与了这项调查。强制性疫苗（白喉、脊髓灰质炎、破伤风 93.5%，乙型肝炎病毒 88.6%）甚至大多数推荐疫苗（麻疹 95%，百日咳 88.2%）的 VC 都很高。除了健康科学一年级学生（接种率为 25.6%）之外，HCS 的全球 VC（40.4%）在统计学上没有差异。在 VP 方面，97.8%的 HCS 认为疫苗是有效的。当评估疫苗安全性和疫苗犹豫程度（0-10 分，0：不安全或不犹豫，10：完全安全和强烈犹豫疫苗）时，91%的受访者表示疫苗安全性≥7，80%的人疫苗犹豫程度<3。各学生类别之间没有差异。80.6%的 HCS 推荐所有疫苗，但只有 52%的人同意 HCS 应该强制接种流感疫苗。在多变量分析中，健康科学一年级学生的 GVC 较低（OR 95%CI=2[1.2-3.3]，p=0.004），而医学专业学生的 GVC 较高。
HCS 认为疫苗是有效的和安全的。尽管对疫苗的认识较好，但只有不到一半的 HCS 接种了疫苗。
