Abou Zeid Mohamad I, Jammoul Adla M, Melki Khalil C, Jawdah Yusuf Abou, Awad Mireille Kallassy
Faculty of Sciences, Biotechnology Laboratory, UR EGP, Saint- Joseph University, B.P. 11-514 Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2050, Lebanon.
Kfarchima Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Kfarchima, Lebanon.
Heliyon. 2020 Dec 7;6(12):e05524. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05524. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Countrywide pesticide management activities are resource draining, even for developed countries, which sometimes fall short in achieving the optimum protection against pesticides deleterious effects on humans and environment. Additionally, in Lebanon, basic flaws exist at different levels of pesticide management cycle. In this study, through an extensive review of relevant literature regarding the pesticides impact on humans and environment in Lebanon and adopted policies in existing legislation, several gaps have been identified. Accordingly, recommendations to reduce pesticide risk through a combination of reforms at the policy level and its tools, particularly legislation, are proposed. In our opinion, the starting point is to adopt a minimum list of lower risk pesticides supported by a combination of: "prescriptions" based on a comprehensive registration and an effective implementation systems, a suitable IPM/ICM government-supported credit system, traceability systems of agricultural commodities and pesticides containers, Pesticide stock management system to reduce the quantity of obsolete pesticides, and containers recycling system. For a global sustainability of pesticides risk reduction, a binding global intervention fostered by the UN, based on human rights for safe food, is called upon to ban hazardous pesticides-except those of WHO class IV- trafficking in developing countries scoring low in an international official assessment of their pesticides lifecycle management. At the same time, global funds should support pesticides alternatives and the enhancement of the developing countries capacities for pesticides lifecycle management, which is a part of a larger global matrix in risk reduction.
即使对于发达国家来说，全国范围内的农药管理活动也是资源消耗巨大的，这些国家有时在实现针对农药对人类和环境的有害影响的最佳防护方面也存在不足。此外，在黎巴嫩，农药管理周期的不同层面都存在基本缺陷。在本研究中，通过广泛回顾有关黎巴嫩农药对人类和环境影响的相关文献以及现行立法中采用的政策，已发现了若干差距。因此，提出了通过政策层面及其工具（特别是立法）的一系列改革来降低农药风险的建议。我们认为，起点是采用一份最低限度的低风险农药清单，并辅之以以下各项的组合：基于全面登记和有效实施系统的“处方”、适当的由政府支持的病虫害综合防治/有害生物综合治理信贷系统、农产品和农药容器的可追溯系统、减少过期农药数量的农药库存管理系统以及容器回收系统。为了实现农药风险降低的全球可持续性，呼吁联合国推动一项具有约束力的全球干预措施，基于安全食品的人权，禁止危险农药（世界卫生组织IV类农药除外）在农药生命周期管理国际官方评估中得分较低的发展中国家进行交易。与此同时，全球基金应支持农药替代品，并增强发展中国家农药生命周期管理的能力，这是更大的全球风险降低矩阵的一部分。
