Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Curr Med Chem. 2021;28(20):3980-4003. doi: 10.2174/0929867328999201214225249.
Immobilization techniques have been popularly used to preserve the operational stability of the enzymes for industrial applications. The three main components of an immobilized enzyme system are the enzyme, the matrix/support, and the technique of immobilization. So far, different supports have been developed to improve the efficiency of the immobilized enzymes. But in the recent decade, nanotechnology has been of considerable research interest in the field of immobilized enzyme carriers. The materials at the nano-scale, due to their unique physicochemical properties, including; specific surface area, mass transfer limitation, and effective enzyme loading, are considered interesting matrices for enzyme immobilization. This review describes techniques employed to immobilize enzymes, and provides an integrated focus on the most common nanoparticles for enzyme conjugation. Additionally, the pros and cons of nanoparticles as immobilization matrices are also discussed. Depending on the type of enzyme and its application, in this review, the researchers are directed to select an appropriate method and support for enzyme immobilization in terms of enzyme stability and functionality.
固定化技术已广泛用于保持酶在工业应用中的操作稳定性。固定化酶系统的三个主要组成部分是酶、基质/载体和固定化技术。到目前为止，已经开发了不同的载体来提高固定化酶的效率。但在最近十年，纳米技术在固定化酶载体领域引起了相当大的研究兴趣。由于其独特的物理化学性质，包括比表面积、传质限制和有效酶负载，纳米级材料被认为是酶固定化的有趣基质。本综述描述了固定化酶的技术，并综合关注了最常见的用于酶偶联的纳米颗粒。此外，还讨论了纳米颗粒作为固定化载体的优缺点。根据酶的类型和应用，在本综述中，研究人员被指导根据酶的稳定性和功能选择合适的方法和载体进行酶固定化。
