School of Community Resources and Development, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Ave., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, United States.
Department of Environmental Studies, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95818, United States.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Feb 1;279:111758. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111758. Epub 2020 Dec 13.
Agricultural decision support tools (DSTs) with weather or climate information can provide useful information to help stakeholders make operational farming decisions and adapt to increasingly variable weather or climate in the context of climate change. However, many of these DSTs are still not fully utilized. Understanding the use of DSTs can help identify strategies to promote their usage to more end-users. This study surveyed farmers (n = 2,633) and advisors (n = 2,719) across 12 states in the Midwest to draw comparisons on their usage of DSTs and factors influencing the usage. The advisors are more likely to take advantage of free and publicly available sources than farmers. Advisors are also more likely to agree on the usefulness of DSTs, feel social pressure to use DSTs, be concerned and perceive risks from variable weather, believe in climate change, and show positive attitudes towards climate change adaptation than farmers. Concerns about weather or climate, descriptive social norms, greater farm size, and general propensity to adopt a new technology are positively associated with higher adoption rate of DSTs for both farmers and advisors. Higher level of perceived behavioral control to deal with weather-related risks, injunctive social norms, gender (male), and age are positively associated with higher adoption rate of DSTs for only advisors. Positive adaptation attitude towards climate change and higher education level are positively associated with higher adoption rate of DSTs for only farmers. Unlike advisors, age is negatively associated with higher adoption rate of DSTs for farmers. Implications of our findings include DST educators leveraging social networks and reinforcing social norms to promote usage among current non-users, building up both farmers' and advisors' confidence and knowledge in using DSTs, understanding the role of advisors as "change agents" to promote DST usage among farmers, and connecting networks of "innovators" and "early adopters." With more and more DSTs developed, future scholarship can draw upon our findings to understand how to encourage DSTs adoption among current non-users and extend to other regions.
农业决策支持工具（DST）结合天气或气候信息，可以为利益相关者提供有用的信息，帮助他们做出农事运营决策，并在气候变化背景下适应日益多变的天气或气候。然而，许多这类 DST 仍未得到充分利用。了解 DST 的使用情况有助于确定推广其使用的策略，以惠及更多最终用户。本研究调查了中西部 12 个州的农民（n=2633）和顾问（n=2719），比较了他们对 DST 的使用情况以及影响使用的因素。顾问比农民更有可能利用免费的公开资源。顾问也更有可能认同 DST 的有用性，感到使用 DST 的社会压力，关注并认识到多变天气的风险，相信气候变化，并对气候变化适应持积极态度，而农民则不然。对天气或气候的关注、描述性社会规范、更大的农场规模以及采用新技术的一般倾向与农民和顾问对 DST 的更高采用率呈正相关。更高的感知行为控制来应对与天气相关的风险、规范性社会规范、性别（男性）和年龄与顾问对 DST 的更高采用率呈正相关。对气候变化的积极适应态度和更高的教育水平与农民对 DST 的更高采用率呈正相关。与顾问不同，年龄与农民对 DST 的更高采用率呈负相关。本研究结果的启示包括 DST 教育者利用社交网络和强化社会规范，以促进当前非使用者使用；增强农民和顾问对使用 DST 的信心和知识；理解顾问作为“变革推动者”在促进农民使用 DST 方面的作用；以及连接“创新者”和“早期采用者”的网络。随着越来越多的 DST 被开发出来，未来的研究可以借鉴我们的发现，了解如何鼓励当前非使用者采用 DST，并将其扩展到其他地区。
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