Departamento de Ciencias Sociales de la Actividad Física, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Limeira, Universidad de Campinas, São Paulo 13083970, Brazil.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 11;17(24):9265. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249265.
The type of sport practiced may shape the athletic career, considered as the period in which an athlete is dedicated to obtaining their maximum performance in one or more sports. The aim of this study was to compare athletic careers and retirement in individual and team sports. Four hundred and ten former elite athletes (38.5 ± 7.6 years) answered an ad hoc questionnaire; 61.5% were men and 38.5% women; 45.1% were from individual sports, while 54.9% were from team sports. It emerged that the age of maximum sports performance and the retirement age occurred significantly later in team sports than in individual sports ( = 15,042 and = 12,624.5, respectively < 0.001). Team sports athletes combined their athletic career with work to a greater extent than those from individual sports ( (3, = 408) = 14.2; = 0.003; = 0.187). Individual sports athletes trained more hours per week (30.0 ± 11.7 h) than those involved in team sports (19.2 ± 10.7 h; = 9682; < 0.001). These athletes (team sports) were in a better economic and working situation at retirement transition ( (3, = 406) = 23.9; < 0.001; = 0.242). Individual sports athletes perform physical activity more frequently than team sports athletes ( = 16,267.5; = 0.045), while team sports athletes participate more actively in veteran competitions ( (1, = 390) = 3.9; = 0.047; = 0.104) and more frequently attend events as spectators ( (1, = 390) = 8.4; = 0.004; = 0.151). dual career support providers should be aware that team sports athletes enjoy a longer athletic career, and they are in a better position to face the retirement transition than individual sports athletes.
运动项目的类型可能会影响运动员的职业生涯，职业生涯被认为是运动员在一项或多项运动中追求最佳表现的时期。本研究旨在比较个人运动和团体运动的运动员生涯和退役情况。410 名前精英运动员（38.5±7.6 岁）回答了一份专门的问卷；其中 61.5%是男性，38.5%是女性；45.1%来自个人运动，54.9%来自团体运动。结果表明，团体运动的最佳运动表现年龄和退役年龄明显晚于个人运动（ = 15042 和 = 12624.5， < 0.001）。与个人运动相比，团体运动运动员更倾向于将运动生涯与工作相结合（ (3, = 408) = 14.2； = 0.003； = 0.187）。个人运动运动员每周训练的时间更长（30.0±11.7 小时），而团体运动运动员每周训练的时间更短（19.2±10.7 小时； = 9682； < 0.001）。这些运动员（团体运动）在退休过渡时的经济和工作状况更好（ (3, = 406) = 23.9； < 0.001； = 0.242）。个人运动运动员比团体运动运动员更频繁地进行体育活动（ = 16267.5； = 0.045），而团体运动运动员更积极地参加老将比赛（ (1, = 390) = 3.9； = 0.047； = 0.104），并且更频繁地以观众身份参加活动（ (1, = 390) = 8.4； = 0.004； = 0.151）。双重职业支持提供者应该意识到，团体运动运动员的职业生涯更长，他们在面对退役过渡时的处境比个人运动运动员更好。
