Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia.
Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic.
Biomolecules. 2020 Dec 11;10(12):1658. doi: 10.3390/biom10121658.
Cytokinins (CKs) are known to regulate the biogenesis of chloroplasts under changing environmental conditions and at different stages of plant ontogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Apparently, the mechanisms can be duplicated in several ways, including the influence of nuclear genes that determine the expression of plastome through the two-component CK regulatory circuit. In this study, we evaluated the role of cytokinins and CK signaling pathway on the expression of nuclear genes for plastid RNA polymerase-associated proteins (PAPs). Cytokinin induced the expression of all twelve genes irrespective of their functions via canonical CK signaling pathway but this regulation might be indirect taking into consideration their different functions and versatile structure of promoter regions. The disruption of genes contributed to the abolishment of positive CK effect on the accumulation of the chloroplast gene transcripts and transcripts of the nuclear genes for plastid transcription machinery as can be judged from the analysis of and mutants. However, the CK regulatory circuit in the mutants remained practically unperturbed. Knock-out of PAP genes resulted in cytokinin overproduction as a consequence of the strong up-regulation of the genes for CK synthesis.
细胞分裂素（CKs）已知在环境条件变化和植物个体发生的不同阶段调节叶绿体的生物发生。然而，其潜在机制仍知之甚少。显然，这些机制可以通过多种方式复制，包括核基因的影响，核基因通过双组分 CK 调节回路决定质体基因组的表达。在这项研究中，我们评估了细胞分裂素和 CK 信号通路对质体 RNA 聚合酶相关蛋白（PAP）的核基因表达的作用。细胞分裂素通过经典的 CK 信号通路诱导所有 12 个基因的表达，而不考虑它们的功能，但考虑到它们不同的功能和启动子区域的多功能结构，这种调控可能是间接的。基因的破坏导致 CK 对叶绿体基因转录物和质体转录机制的核基因转录物积累的正向效应的消除，可以从 和 突变体的分析中判断出来。然而，突变体中的 CK 调节回路实际上并未受到干扰。PAP 基因的敲除导致细胞分裂素的过度产生，这是 CK 合成基因强烈上调的结果。
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