中国大众对已故器官捐献的新看法。

The general public new views on deceased organ donation in China.

机构信息

Department of Lung Transplant Center, the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi.

School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong.

出版信息

Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Dec 11;99(50):e23438. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000023438.

DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000023438

PMID:33327273

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7738062/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The organ donation in China has developed rapidly since fully launched donations after citizens death in 2015. This study was conducted to evaluate how the Chinese general public views changed on deceased organ donation, and to improve the donation process.

METHODS

A total of 110 eligible studies, including 103, 410 individuals, were selected to analyze through searching PubMed, CBMdisc, CQVIP, CNKI, and Wanfang Data from Jan 1, 1990 to May 31, 2019. The pooled proportions (and 95% CIs) of cognition, attitudes and willingness related to organ donation were calculated using the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation.

RESULTS

The pooled proportions of knowing about organ donation and willing to donate increased from 84.6% (73.0-93.4) and 32.4% (23.9-41.6) before 2015, to 86.4% (74.5-95.1) and 39.9% (32.8-47.2) after 2015, respectively. The willingness to posthumous organ donation for cornea, heart, kidney, and liver had a significant improvement. Especially, the proportion of willingness to donate cornea increased to 56.0% (43.3-68.3) after 2015, from 39.2% (31.2-47.4) before 2015. However, although 69.7% (62.7-76.4) of participants approved the deceased organ donation, only 35.6% (29.7-41.8) and 43.9% (37.2-50.8) were willing to donate their own and relatives organs postmortem, respectively. The leading reasons for refraining from donating organs postmortem were distrusting the medical professionals (49.8%, 35.2-64.4) and traditional Chinese values (40.6%, 32.4-49.0). Popularizing knowledge about organ donation (61.5%, 45.7-76.1), humanitarian aid (57.1%, 48.8-65.3), and priority of using donated organs for relatives (53.1%, 30.8-74.7) were the applauded strategies to improve the willingness to posthumous organ donation.

CONCLUSIONS

The willingness toward posthumous organ donation has a significant improvement among Chinese general public since 2015, however, several important measures still need to be taken to promote the favorable attitudes and willingness toward organ donation.

摘要

背景

自 2015 年全面推行公民逝世后器官捐献以来，中国的器官捐献事业发展迅速。本研究旨在评估中国公众对器官捐献的看法发生了怎样的变化，并对捐献过程进行改进。

方法

通过检索 1990 年 1 月 1 日至 2019 年 5 月 31 日期间的 PubMed、CBMdisc、CQVIP、CNKI 和万方数据库，共选取了 110 项符合条件的研究，其中包括 103410 人。采用 Freeman-Tukey 双反正弦变换计算与器官捐献认知、态度和意愿相关的合并比例（和 95%CI）。

结果

2015 年前，公众对器官捐献的认知比例为 84.6%（73.0%-93.4%），愿意捐献的比例为 32.4%（23.9%-41.6%）；2015 年后，认知比例上升至 86.4%（74.5%-95.1%），愿意捐献的比例上升至 39.9%（32.8%-47.2%）。对于角膜、心脏、肾脏和肝脏的死后器官捐献意愿显著提高。特别是，2015 年后愿意捐献角膜的比例从 2015 年前的 39.2%（31.2-47.4%）增加到 56.0%（43.3-68.3%）。尽管 69.7%（62.7-76.4%）的参与者赞成器官捐献，但只有 35.6%（29.7-41.8%）和 43.9%（37.2-50.8%）愿意在死后捐献自己和亲属的器官。拒绝死后捐献器官的主要原因是不信任医务人员（49.8%，35.2-64.4%）和传统的中国价值观（40.6%，32.4-49.0%）。普及器官捐献知识（61.5%，45.7-76.1%）、人道主义援助（57.1%，48.8-65.3%）和优先考虑将捐献器官用于亲属（53.1%，30.8-74.7%）被认为是提高死后器官捐献意愿的可行策略。