Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Health and Environment Division, IRSN/PSE-Sante, BP 17, 92262 Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France.
Ann ICRP. 2020 Dec;49(1_suppl):84-97. doi: 10.1177/0146645320940825. Epub 2020 Aug 18.
The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recently issued ICRP on radiological protection from naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) in industrial processes. Industries involving NORM may give rise to multiple hazards, and the radiological hazard is not necessarily dominant. They are diverse and may involve exposure of people and the environment where protective actions need to be considered. In some cases, there is a potential for significant routine exposure of workers and members of the public. Releases of large volumes of NORM may also result in detrimental effects on the environment from radiological and non-radiological constituents. However, industries involving NORM present no real prospect of a radiological emergency leading to tissue reactions or immediate danger for life. Radiological protection in these industries can be appropriately addressed on the basis of the principles of justification of the actions taken and optimisation of protection using reference levels. An integrated and graded approach is recommended for the protection of workers, the public, and the environment, where consideration of non-radiological hazards is integrated with the radiological hazards, and the approach to protection is optimised (graded) so that the use of various radiological protection programme elements is consistent with the hazards while not imposing unnecessary burdens.
国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）最近发布了《工业过程中天然放射性物质（NORM）放射防护》。涉及 NORM 的行业可能会带来多种危害，而且放射危害不一定占主导地位。这些危害多种多样，可能涉及人员和需要考虑防护措施的环境。在某些情况下，工人和公众可能会受到大量的常规照射。大量 NORM 的排放也可能对环境造成放射性和非放射性成分的不利影响。然而，涉及 NORM 的行业不太可能发生导致组织反应或立即危及生命的放射性紧急情况。可以根据采取行动的正当理由和使用参考水平优化防护的原则，对这些行业的放射防护进行适当处理。建议对工人、公众和环境采取综合和分级的保护方法，其中将非放射性危害与放射性危害结合考虑，并对保护方法进行优化（分级），以便各种放射防护计划要素的使用与危害相一致，而不会造成不必要的负担。
