Dennis E A
Department of Chemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 1986 Nov;26(2-4):155-75. doi: 10.1016/0001-8686(86)80020-3.
Phospholipids comprise the major component that defines biological membranes. Yet these amphiphilic molecules exist as liquid crystals when they are dispersed in water. Surfactants which form micelles in aqueous solution are quite useful in solubilizing the phospholipids by converting them into mixed micelles. Phospholipids containing short-chain fatty acids have also been chemically synthesized and these form micelles themselves without added surfactants. Below their cmc, monomers of these synthetic phospholipids can be co-micellized with surfactants. The solubilization of natural phospholipids and the micellization of synthetic phospholipids as well as their co-micellization by surfactants will be discussed. Emphasis will be placed on nonionic surfactants where the formation of micelles and mixed micelles with phospholipids has been well studied.
磷脂是构成生物膜的主要成分。然而，这些两亲分子分散在水中时会以液晶形式存在。在水溶液中形成胶束的表面活性剂通过将磷脂转化为混合胶束来增溶磷脂，非常有用。含短链脂肪酸的磷脂也已被化学合成，并且这些磷脂在不添加表面活性剂的情况下自身就能形成胶束。在其临界胶束浓度以下，这些合成磷脂的单体可以与表面活性剂形成共混胶束。将讨论天然磷脂的增溶、合成磷脂的胶束化以及它们与表面活性剂的共混胶束化。重点将放在非离子表面活性剂上，其与磷脂形成胶束和混合胶束的过程已得到充分研究。
