Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2020 Dec 18;36(11):e00218019. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00218019. eCollection 2020.
Article 217-A of Brazilian Law n. 12,015/2009 defines carnal knowledge or any other libidinous act with an individual under 14 years of age as "rape of a vulnerable individual" (statutory rape). Given the young average age at sexual initiation in current society, the study aimed to understand the adolescents' views of sexual initiation, sexual assault, and the law that defines sex at this age as "rape of a vulnerable individual". The authors used a qualitative approach with 13 focus groups totaling 132 secondary students from public and private schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data analysis used the webQDA software with a hermeneutic-dialectic approach that yielded three categories: feeling ready to initiate sexual activity, (in)vulnerability to sexual assault, and protective mechanisms. Girls associated sexual initiation with a romantic vision and feeling safe with and trusting the partner. Boys associated it with opportunity, regardless of other factors. Most of the students felt that when consent to the sexual act is mutual, regardless of age, there is no violence involved. At the same time, they wondered about the possibility of younger girls' discernment to consent to having sex. Most of these adolescents disagreed with the protective measures established by the law, arguing that it is the family's duty to provide this care. The contradictions in the adolescents' views concerning vulnerability to sexual assault and rape of vulnerable individuals as defined by the law lead us to conclude that it is necessary to expand and improve sex education in general for Brazilian adolescents, besides creating spaces for discussion that can help improve these legal provisions.
巴西法律第 12015/2009 号第 217-A 条将与 14 岁以下个体发生的肉体关系或任何其他淫荡行为定义为“弱势个体强奸”（法定强奸罪）。鉴于当前社会中年轻人的平均初次性行为年龄，本研究旨在了解青少年对初次性行为、性侵犯以及将该年龄段的性行为定义为“弱势个体强奸”的法律的看法。作者采用定性方法，对来自巴西里约热内卢市公立和私立学校的 13 个焦点小组共 132 名中学生进行了研究。数据分析使用 webQDA 软件，采用解释学-辩证方法，得出了三个类别：准备开始性行为的感觉、（易）受性侵犯的脆弱性和保护机制。女孩将初次性行为与浪漫的观念联系在一起，并感到与伴侣在一起时安全、信任。男孩则将其与机会联系在一起，而不考虑其他因素。大多数学生认为，只要性行为的同意是相互的，无论年龄大小，都不存在暴力行为。同时，他们对年轻女孩是否有能力同意发生性行为表示怀疑。大多数青少年不同意法律规定的保护措施，认为提供这种保护是家庭的责任。青少年对性侵犯的脆弱性和法律定义的弱势个体强奸的看法存在矛盾，这使我们得出结论，有必要为巴西青少年扩大和改善性教育，同时创造讨论空间，以帮助改善这些法律规定。
