Department of Urology, Clinico San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
Young Academic Urologist-Urotechnology Working Party (ESUT-YAU), European Association of Urology, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
Curr Opin Urol. 2021 Mar 1;31(2):155-159. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000842.
Artificial intelligence appears as a potential revolution in the general process of medical training, disease diagnosis and treatment. A novel disruptive technology of the 21st century will be 'learner' robots from artificial intelligence systems able to use all the combination of the available knowledge in medical repositories to give the best standard of care.
The autonomy level of robots depends on three factors: the complexity of the task; the environment in which the robot operates, and the required level of human-robot interaction. Autonomous robots in healthcare may be classified in delivery, nurse, and surgical robots. The increasing capability of robots to perform independent actions and complex tasks raises responsibility and accountability issues in a wide variety of application domains. Ethical analyses of these issues are underway and are mostly oriented toward the development of ethical policies requiring a law frame on robotic autonomous behaviors.
Autonomous robots have the potential to improve current medical practice offering a more secure, reliable, and reproducible medicine. Many advancements are required for these new technologies to be fully integrated. Furthermore, the ethical implications of these technologies are yet to be evaluated.
人工智能似乎是医学培训、疾病诊断和治疗总体过程中的一场潜在革命。作为 21 世纪的一种新型颠覆性技术，人工智能系统的“学习者”机器人能够利用医疗知识库中的所有组合来提供最佳的护理标准。
机器人的自主性水平取决于三个因素：任务的复杂性；机器人操作的环境；以及人机交互所需的水平。医疗保健中的自主机器人可分为送货机器人、护士机器人和手术机器人。机器人执行独立动作和复杂任务的能力不断提高，在各种应用领域引发了责任和问责制问题。正在对这些问题进行伦理分析，主要侧重于制定要求机器人自主行为法律框架的道德政策。
自主机器人有可能改善当前的医疗实践，提供更安全、可靠和可重复的医疗服务。这些新技术需要取得许多进展才能完全融入。此外，这些技术的伦理影响尚待评估。
