Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
Veterinary Functional Genomics Group, RG Development & Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2020 Dec 17;10(1):22142. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79037-z.
Selection for desirable traits and breed-specific phenotypes has left distinctive footprints in the genome of pigs. As representative of a breed with strong selective traces aiming for robustness, health and performance, the Mangalitza pig, a native curly-haired pig breed from Hungary, was investigated in this study. Whole genome sequencing and SNP chip genotyping was performed to detect runs of homozygosity (ROH) in Mangalitza and Mangalitza-crossbreeds. We identified breed specific ROH regions harboring genes associated with the development of the curly hair type and further characteristics of this breed. Further analysis of two matings of Mangalitza with straight-coated pig breeds confirmed an autosomal dominant inheritance of curly hair. Subsequent scanning of the genome for variant effects on this trait revealed two variants potentially affecting hair follicle development and differentiation. Validation in a large sample set as well as in imputed SNP data confirmed these variants to be Mangalitza-specific. Herein, we demonstrated how strong artificial selection has shaped the genome in Mangalitza pigs and left traces in the form of selection signatures. This knowledge on genomic variation promoting unique phenotypes like curly hair provides an important resource for futures studies unraveling genetic effects for special characteristics in livestock.
选择性繁殖为猪的基因组留下了明显的特征。作为一个具有强烈选择性痕迹的品种的代表，旨在实现健壮、健康和性能，本研究调查了来自匈牙利的本土卷毛猪品种——曼加利察猪。对曼加利察猪和曼加利察杂交猪进行全基因组测序和 SNP 芯片基因分型，以检测纯合区域（ROH）。我们鉴定了与卷毛类型和该品种的其他特征相关的品种特异性 ROH 区域。对曼加利察猪与直毛猪品种的两次交配的进一步分析证实了卷毛的常染色体显性遗传。随后对该性状的基因组变异效应进行扫描，发现了两个可能影响毛囊发育和分化的变异。在一个大样本集和推断的 SNP 数据中的验证证实了这些变体是曼加利察特有的。本研究展示了人工选择如何塑造曼加利察猪的基因组，并以选择特征的形式留下痕迹。关于促进卷发等独特表型的基因组变异的知识为未来研究揭示家畜特殊特征的遗传效应提供了重要资源。
