University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
Psychol Med. 2022 Oct;52(13):2661-2670. doi: 10.1017/S0033291720004742. Epub 2020 Dec 18.
The prefrontal deficits in psychiatric disorders have been investigated using functional neuroimaging tools; however, no studies have tested the related characteristics across psychiatric disorders considering various demographic and clinical confounders.
We analyzed 1558 functional brain measurements using a functional near-infrared spectroscopy during a verbal fluency task from 1200 participants with three disease spectra [196 schizophrenia, 189 bipolar disorder (BPD), and 394 major depressive disorder (MDD)] and 369 healthy controls along with demographic characteristics (age, gender, premorbid IQ, and handedness), task performance during the measurements, clinical assessments, and medication equivalent doses (chlorpromazine, diazepam, biperiden, and imipramine) in a consistent manner. The association between brain functions and demographic and clinical variables was tested using a general linear mixed model (GLMM). Then, the direction of relationship between brain activity and symptom severity, controlling for any other associations, was estimated using a model comparison of structural equation models (SEMs).
The GLMM showed a shared functional deficit of brain activity and a schizophrenia-specific delayed activity timing in the prefrontal cortex (false discovery rate-corrected < 0.05). Comparison of SEMs showed that brain activity was associated with the global assessment of functioning scores in the left inferior frontal gyrus opercularis (IFGOp) in BPD group and the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, and the left superior frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus triangularis, and IFGOp in MDD group.
This cross-disease large-sample neuroimaging study with high-quality clinical data reveals a robust relationship between prefrontal function and behavioral outcomes across three major psychiatric disorders.
使用功能神经影像学工具研究了精神障碍的前额叶缺陷；然而，没有研究考虑到各种人口统计学和临床混杂因素，测试跨精神障碍的相关特征。
我们分析了来自三个疾病谱[196 例精神分裂症、189 例双相情感障碍（BPD）和 394 例重度抑郁症（MDD）]和 369 例健康对照者的 1558 项功能性大脑测量，这些人在言语流畅性任务中使用功能性近红外光谱技术进行了测量，同时还记录了人口统计学特征（年龄、性别、发病前智商和利手性）、测量期间的任务表现、临床评估和药物等效剂量（氯丙嗪、地西泮、比哌立登和丙咪嗪）。使用一般线性混合模型（GLMM）测试大脑功能与人口统计学和临床变量之间的关联。然后，使用结构方程模型（SEM）的模型比较来估计大脑活动与症状严重程度之间的关系，控制任何其他关联。
GLMM 显示前额叶皮层（经假发现率校正后 <0.05）存在共同的大脑活动功能缺陷和精神分裂症特有的活动时间延迟。SEM 比较显示，大脑活动与 BPD 组左侧额下回三角部（IFGOp）和双侧颞上回和颞中回以及 MDD 组左侧额上回、额下回三角部和 IFGOp 的整体功能评估评分相关。
这项具有高质量临床数据的跨疾病大样本神经影像学研究揭示了前额叶功能与三大精神障碍行为结果之间的稳健关系。
