School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2020 Nov;19(6):3365-3389. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12608. Epub 2020 Sep 1.
Fonio grains are a type of small-seeded cereals native to Western Africa and are important cereal crops for food security. The two species are white fonio (Digitaria exilis) (commonly called acha) and black fonio (Digitaria iburua) (commonly called iburu). As a novel food, fonio has attracted attention from other parts of the world due to their attractive nutritional properties (e.g., in whole grain form and being gluten free) and potential food applications. The information regarding the functional properties and applications of fonio is rather scattered. This review summarizes the chemical composition, physicochemical and nutritional properties, and diverse food applications of fonio. The nutritional composition and processing properties of fonio are similar to other cereals. Fonio has potential to be complementary to major cereals for diverse food uses. There are research opportunities to better explore fonio grains for value-added applications.
小米是一种源自西非的小粒谷物，是保障粮食安全的重要谷物作物。小米有两个品种，即白皮小米（Digitaria exilis）（通常称为acha）和黑皮小米（Digitaria iburua）（通常称为iburu）。作为一种新型食品，小米因其具有吸引人的营养特性（例如，整粒形式和不含麸质）和潜在的食品应用而引起了世界其他地区的关注。关于小米的功能特性和应用的信息相当分散。本综述总结了小米的化学成分、物理化学和营养特性以及多样化的食品应用。小米的营养成分和加工特性与其他谷物相似。小米有可能成为多种食品用途的主要谷物的补充品。有研究机会可以更好地探索小米的增值应用。
