Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Food Funct. 2021 Jan 21;12(2):706-716. doi: 10.1039/d0fo01957g. Epub 2020 Dec 18.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a neurotoxin found in most processed and infant formulas. Amphora coffeaeformis (AC) has neuroprotective properties. We investigated, for the first time, the potential neuroprotective role of AC on MSG-induced neurotoxicity in brain using a unique procedural approach. The AC extract was characterized via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Animals were assigned into six groups; a control group, low dose MSG (LD-MSG), high dose MSG (HD-MSG), combined groups (LD-MSG + AC) (HD-MSG + AC) and AC only group for eight weeks. Assessment of the cognitive and mood domains was done via Barnes maze and an open field. Gene expression of Bdnf, TrkB, NMDA-B2 and mGlur5 in the hippocampus was obtained via real-time PCR. The hippocampi of the animals were assessed for structural changes. Oxidative stress was assessed in the cerebrum. The results revealed that omega-6 and β-coumaric acid represented the highest percentage among the constituents in the AC extract. The NO level was decreased in the LD-MSG + AC compared to LD-MSG. SOD was diminished in both treated groups compared to the untreated group. HD-MSG + AC exhibited an increase in the number of wrongly visited quadrants compared to the HD-MSG group. HD-MSG + AC showed decreased anxiety-like behavior compared to HD-MSG. LD-MSG + AC and AC groups revealed enhanced anxiety-like behavior. HD-MSG + AC showed under expressed NMDA-B2 and over expressed Bdnf and TrkB genes, compared to HD-MSG. LD-MSG + AC revealed under expression of Bdnf gene compared to LD-MSG. The AC group revealed under expressed TrkB gene compared to the control group. Overall, the results refer to the potential neuroprotective properties of AC alga against MSG neurotoxicity.
谷氨酸单钠（MSG）是一种存在于大多数加工食品和婴儿配方奶粉中的神经毒素。 Amphora coffeaeformis（AC）具有神经保护特性。我们首次采用独特的程序方法研究了 AC 对 MSG 诱导的脑毒性的潜在神经保护作用。通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对 AC 提取物进行了表征。动物被分为六组：对照组、低剂量 MSG（LD-MSG）、高剂量 MSG（HD-MSG）、联合组（LD-MSG+AC）（HD-MSG+AC）和 AC 组，共八周。通过 Barnes 迷宫和开阔场评估认知和情绪领域。通过实时 PCR 获得海马体中 Bdnf、TrkB、NMDA-B2 和 mGlur5 的基因表达。评估动物海马体的结构变化。评估大脑中的氧化应激。结果表明，在 AC 提取物中，ω-6 和 β-肉桂酸的含量最高。与 LD-MSG 相比，LD-MSG+AC 中的 NO 水平降低。与未处理组相比，处理组的 SOD 均减少。与 HD-MSG 组相比，HD-MSG+AC 组错误访问象限的数量增加。与 HD-MSG 相比，HD-MSG+AC 表现出焦虑样行为减少。与 LD-MSG 相比，LD-MSG+AC 和 AC 组表现出焦虑样行为增强。与 HD-MSG 相比，HD-MSG+AC 显示 NMDA-B2 表达下调和 Bdnf 和 TrkB 基因表达上调。与 LD-MSG 相比，LD-MSG+AC 组 Bdnf 基因表达下调。与对照组相比，AC 组 TrkB 基因表达下调。总体而言，这些结果表明 AC 藻类对 MSG 神经毒性具有潜在的神经保护作用。
