Clin Lab. 2020 Dec 1;66(12). doi: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2020.200441.
Acute respiratory infection caused by respiratory microorganisms including various kinds of viruses and bacteria is the most common infectious disease. When managing patients, it is crucial to detect these microorganisms rapidly and monitor their occurrence and tendency. Recently, the methods of detecting them have been implemented by molecular diagnostics. The authors intended to investigate their incidence and distribution and identify the significance of the molecular diagnosis for their detection.
The retrospective study was conducted to investigate the incidence and distribution of respiratory microorganisms according to the age, gender, month, season, and the detection method and to analyze their co-infections from July 2016 to December 2019. In addition, the four types of turn-around time (TAT) for each detec-tion method were also analyzed.
The overall incidence for at least one respiratory microorganism was 23.1% (3,645/15,808). The highest incidence was identified in age group 2 (1 - 3 months), 38.5%. The incidence rates by multiplex PCR using Anyplex and Allplex, FilmArray method, and influenza virus (flu) antigen detection test were 44.2% (718/1,625), 63.1% (1,198/1,899), and 14.1% (1,729/12,284), respectively. The overall incidence between male and female patients showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.980), except for the flu antigen detection test (p = 0.000). Influenza A viruses (flu A) accounted for the highest percentage (34.9%), followed by rhinovirus/enterovirus (20.5%), RSV (12.8%), flu B (8.3%), and adenovirus (7.6%). These microorganisms showed characteristic distribution patterns according to season and month. Flu A and flu B predominated in winter and accounted for an increasing proportion as age increased according to the age groups. The overall co-infection rate was 22.5% (432/1,916). The average TATs of the FilmArray method were significantly much faster than multiplex PCR using Anyplex and Allplex (p = 0.000).
The information on the incidence and distribution of respiratory microorganisms and their expeditious detection are considered critical to the management of the elderly, immunocompromised patients, and children. The rapid molecular-based diagnosis of respiratory infections would be beneficial in medical decision and prevention of their propagation.
由各种病毒和细菌等呼吸道微生物引起的急性呼吸道感染是最常见的传染病。在管理患者时，快速检测这些微生物并监测其发生和趋势至关重要。最近，已经通过分子诊断来实施这些检测方法。作者旨在调查呼吸道微生物的发生率和分布，并确定分子诊断在检测中的意义。
本回顾性研究根据年龄、性别、月份、季节以及检测方法调查了呼吸道微生物的发生率和分布，并分析了 2016 年 7 月至 2019 年 12 月期间的合并感染情况。此外，还分析了每种检测方法的四种周转时间（TAT）。
至少有一种呼吸道微生物的总发生率为 23.1%（3645/15808）。发病率最高的是 2 月龄组（1-3 个月），为 38.5%。使用 Anyplex 和 Allplex 的多重 PCR、FilmArray 方法和流感病毒（flu）抗原检测的发病率分别为 44.2%（718/1625）、63.1%（1198/1899）和 14.1%（1729/12284）。男性和女性患者之间的总发生率无统计学差异（p=0.980），但 flu 抗原检测除外（p=0.000）。甲型流感病毒（flu A）占比最高（34.9%），其次是鼻病毒/肠道病毒（20.5%）、呼吸道合胞病毒（12.8%）、乙型流感病毒（8.3%）和腺病毒（7.6%）。这些微生物根据季节和月份呈现出特征性的分布模式。流感 A 和流感 B 在冬季占主导地位，并且随着年龄组的增加，占比呈上升趋势。总合并感染率为 22.5%（432/1916）。FilmArray 方法的平均 TAT 明显快于 Anyplex 和 Allplex 的多重 PCR（p=0.000）。
呼吸道微生物的发生率和分布及其快速检测的信息被认为对老年人、免疫功能低下患者和儿童的管理至关重要。呼吸道感染的快速分子诊断有助于医疗决策和传播的预防。
