Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States.
Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States.
Vet Microbiol. 2021 Jan;252:108949. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108949. Epub 2020 Dec 5.
Bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) are significant pathogens of cattle, leading to losses associated with reproductive failure, respiratory disease and immune dysregulation. While cattle are the reservoir for BVDV, a wide range of domestic and wild ruminants are susceptible to infection and disease caused by BVDV. Samples from four American bison (Bison bison) from a captive herd were submitted for diagnostic testing due to their general unthriftiness. Metagenomic sequencing on pooled nasal swabs and serum identified co-infection with a BVDV and a bovine bosavirus. The BVDV genome was more similar to the vaccine strain Oregon C24 V than to other BVDV sequences in GenBank, with 92.7 % nucleotide identity in the open reading frame. The conserved 5'-untranslated region was 96.3 % identical to Oregon C24 V. Bosavirus has been previously identified in pooled fetal bovine serum but its clinical significance is unknown. Sequencing results were confirmed by virus isolation and PCR detection of both viruses in serum and nasal swab samples from two of the four bison. One animal was co-infected with both BVDV and bosavirus while separate individuals were positive solely for BVDV or bosavirus. Serum and nasal swabs from these same animals collected 51 days later remained positive for BVDV and bosavirus. These results suggest that both viruses can persistently infect bison. While the etiological significance of bosavirus infection is unknown, the ability of BVDV to persistently infect bison has implications for BVDV control and eradication programs. Possible synergy between BVDV and bosavirus persistent infection warrants further study.
牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）是牛的重要病原体，可导致繁殖失败、呼吸道疾病和免疫失调相关的损失。虽然牛是 BVDV 的宿主，但广泛的家养和野生反刍动物易感染 BVDV 并由此致病。由于圈养牛群中的四头美洲野牛（Bison bison）普遍状况不佳，故提交了样本进行诊断检测。对混合鼻拭子和血清样本进行的宏基因组测序发现，存在 BVDV 和牛博卡病毒的共同感染。BVDV 基因组与 Oregon C24 V 疫苗株的相似度高于 GenBank 中的其他 BVDV 序列，开放阅读框中的核苷酸同一性为 92.7%。保守的 5'-非翻译区与 Oregon C24 V 的同一性为 96.3%。先前已在混合胎牛血清中鉴定出博卡病毒，但它的临床意义尚不清楚。测序结果通过病毒分离和从四头野牛中的两头野牛的血清和鼻拭子样本中进行的两种病毒的 PCR 检测得到了证实。一头动物同时感染了 BVDV 和博卡病毒，而其他两头动物仅单独感染 BVDV 或博卡病毒。从同一批动物采集的 51 天后的血清和鼻拭子样本仍对 BVDV 和博卡病毒呈阳性。这些结果表明，这两种病毒都可以持续感染野牛。虽然博卡病毒感染的病因学意义尚不清楚，但 BVDV 持续感染野牛对 BVDV 控制和根除计划有影响。BVDV 和博卡病毒持续感染之间可能存在协同作用，值得进一步研究。
