Visualizing the distribution of strawberry plant metabolites at different maturity stages by MALDI-TOF imaging mass spectrometry.

This study aimed to visualize differences in the distribution of citric acid, soluble sugars, and anthocyanins in strawberries at four different maturity stages (green to red strawberries) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF IMS). Results demonstrated citric acid and sugars are evenly distributed in the entire fruit at all maturity stages, while most of anthocyanins are mainly located in the periphery of fruit with increased abundance in red strawberries, indicating a correlation with the colour attributes. Sugar in red strawberries (11.92 brix) increased by two-fold compared to the green ones (6.23 brix). Finally, absolute quantitation of each compound from HPLC analyses support the quantitative results from MALDI-TOF IMS. The results provide a deeper understanding in the changes and distribution of phytochemicals during the growth of strawberries, and demonstrates the usefulness of IMS for plant breeding and postharvest technology.