Heick John D, Talkington Madeline, Jain Tarang
Northern Arizona University, Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011.
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2020 Dec;15(6):1019-1028. doi: 10.26603/ijspt20201019.
Inability to maintain proper alignment of the pelvis and femur due to gluteal muscle weakness has been associated with numerous lower extremity pathologies. Therefore, many lower extremity rehabilitation and injury prevention programs employ exercises that target gluteal muscle strength and activation. While information regarding muscle activation during exercises that are typically done in the beginning stages of rehabilitation is available, evidence regarding the gluteal muscle activity during more functional and advanced exercises used during later stages of rehabilitation is sparse.
To explore the recruitment of the gluteal muscles during jumping tasks in healthy participants to determine which jumping exercise best elicits gluteal muscle activation.
Prospective cohort design.
Eighteen healthy recreational athletes (23.5 ± 3.8 years, 8M/10F, 67.56 ± 3.2 inches, 66.73 ± 9.5 kg) completed three trials of four jumping tasks: hurdle jump, split jump, V2 lateral jump, and cross-over jump in random order. Surface EMG electrodes were placed on each participant's bilateral gluteus medius (GMed) and maximus (GMax) to measure muscle activity during the jumping tasks. Maximal voluntary isometric muscle contraction (MVIC) was established for each muscle group in order to express each jumping task as a percentage of MVIC and allow standardized comparison across participants. EMG data were analyzed for all jumps using a root-mean-square algorithm and smoothed with a 62.5 millisecond time reference. Rank ordering of muscle activation during jumping tasks was performed utilizing the peak percent MVIC recorded during each jumping task.
Three of the jumping tasks produced greater than 70% MVIC of the GMed muscle. In rank order from highest EMG value to lowest, these jumping tasks were: crossover jump (103% MVIC), hurdle jump (93.2% MVIC), and V2 lateral jump (84.7% MVIC). Two of the exercises recruited GMax with values greater than 70% MVIC. In rank order from highest EMG value to lowest, these jumping tasks were: hurdle jump (76.8% MVIC) and split jump (73.1% MVIC). Only the hurdle jump produced greater than 70% MVIC for both GMed and GMax muscles.
The jumping task that resulted in greatest activation of the GMed was the crossover jump, while hurdle jump led to the greatest activation of the GMax. The high %MVIC for the GMed during the crossover jump may be attributed to lack of maximal effort or lack of motivation during performance of maximal contractions during the manual muscle testing. Alternatively, substantial co-contraction of core muscles during the crossover jumping task may have led to higher values.
2b Individual Cohort Study.
由于臀肌无力导致无法维持骨盆和股骨的正确对线已与众多下肢疾病相关联。因此，许多下肢康复和损伤预防计划采用针对臀肌力量和激活的锻炼方法。虽然有关于康复初期通常进行的锻炼过程中肌肉激活的信息，但关于康复后期使用的更具功能性和进阶性锻炼过程中臀肌活动的证据却很少。
探讨健康参与者在跳跃任务中臀肌的募集情况，以确定哪种跳跃锻炼能最有效地引发臀肌激活。
前瞻性队列研究。
18名健康的休闲运动员（年龄23.5±3.8岁，8名男性/10名女性，身高67.56±3.2英寸，体重66.73±9.5千克）以随机顺序完成四项跳跃任务的三次试验：跨栏跳、分腿跳、V2侧跳和交叉跳。将表面肌电图电极放置在每位参与者的双侧臀中肌（GMed）和臀大肌（GMax）上，以测量跳跃任务期间的肌肉活动。为每个肌肉群建立最大自主等长肌肉收缩（MVIC），以便将每个跳跃任务表示为MVIC的百分比，并允许在参与者之间进行标准化比较。使用均方根算法分析所有跳跃的肌电图数据，并以62.5毫秒的时间参考进行平滑处理。利用每次跳跃任务期间记录的峰值MVIC百分比对跳跃任务期间的肌肉激活进行排名。
三项跳跃任务使GMed肌肉的MVIC超过70%。从最高肌电图值到最低肌电图值的排名顺序为：交叉跳（103% MVIC）、跨栏跳（93.2% MVIC）和V2侧跳（84.7% MVIC）。两项锻炼使GMax肌肉的募集值超过70% MVIC。从最高肌电图值到最低肌电图值的排名顺序为：跨栏跳（76.8% MVIC）和分腿跳（73.1% MVIC）。只有跨栏跳使GMed和GMax肌肉的MVIC都超过70%。
导致GMed激活程度最高的跳跃任务是交叉跳，而跨栏跳导致GMax激活程度最高。交叉跳期间GMed的高MVIC百分比可能归因于手动肌肉测试期间最大收缩时缺乏最大努力或缺乏动力。或者，交叉跳任务期间核心肌肉的大量协同收缩可能导致了更高的值。
2b级个体队列研究。
