Shively Carol A, Appt Susan E, Chen Haiying, Day Stephen M, Frye Brett M, Shaltout Hossam A, Silverstein-Metzler Marnie G, Snyder-Mackler Noah, Uberseder Beth, Vitolins Mara Z, Register Thomas C
Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, USA.
Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, USA.
Neurobiol Stress. 2020 Oct 19;13:100254. doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100254. eCollection 2020 Nov.
Persistent psychological stress increases the risk of many chronic diseases of aging. Little progress has been made to effectively reduce stress responses or mitigate stress effects suggesting a need for better understanding of factors that influence stress responses. Limited evidence suggests that diet may be a factor in modifying the effects of stress. However, long-term studies of diet effects on stress reactive systems are not available, and controlled randomized clinical trials are difficult and costly. Here we report the outcomes of a controlled, randomized preclinical trial of the effects of long-term consumption (31 months, ~ equivalent to 9 human years) of Western versus Mediterranean - like diets on behavioral and physiological responses to acute (brief social separation) and chronic (social subordination) psychosocial stress in 38 adult, socially-housed, female cynomolgus macaques. Compared to animals fed a Western diet, those fed the Mediterranean diet exhibited enhanced stress resilience as indicated by lower sympathetic activity, brisker and more overt heart rate responses to acute stress, more rapid recovery, and lower cortisol responses to acute psychological stress and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) challenge. Furthermore, age-related increases in sympathetic activity and cortisol responses to stress were delayed by the Mediterranean diet. Population level diet modification in humans has been shown to be feasible. Our findings suggest that population-wide adoption of a Mediterranean-like diet pattern may provide a cost-effective intervention on psychological stress and promote healthy aging with the potential for widespread efficacy.
持续的心理压力会增加许多衰老相关慢性疾病的风险。在有效减轻应激反应或缓解应激影响方面进展甚微，这表明需要更好地了解影响应激反应的因素。有限的证据表明，饮食可能是改变应激影响的一个因素。然而，目前尚无关于饮食对应激反应系统影响的长期研究，而且对照随机临床试验难度大、成本高。在此，我们报告了一项对照、随机的临床前试验结果，该试验研究了长期（31个月，约相当于人类9年）食用西方饮食与类似地中海饮食对38只成年、群居、雌性食蟹猕猴在急性（短暂社会隔离）和慢性（社会从属）心理社会应激下行为和生理反应的影响。与喂食西方饮食的动物相比，喂食地中海饮食的动物表现出更强的应激恢复能力，表现为交感神经活动较低、对急性应激的心率反应更活跃、更明显、恢复更快，以及对急性心理应激和促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）刺激的皮质醇反应较低。此外，地中海饮食延缓了与年龄相关的交感神经活动增加和对应激的皮质醇反应。在人类群体层面进行饮食调整已被证明是可行的。我们的研究结果表明，在人群中采用类似地中海的饮食模式可能为心理压力提供一种经济有效的干预措施，并促进健康衰老，具有广泛有效的潜力。
