Nagpal Ravinder, Shively Carol A, Appt Susan A, Register Thomas C, Michalson Kristofer T, Vitolins Mara Z, Yadav Hariom
Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
Front Nutr. 2018 Apr 25;5:28. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00028. eCollection 2018.
The mammalian gastrointestinal tract harbors a highly diverse and dynamic community of bacteria. The array of this gut bacterial community, which functions collectively as a fully unified organ in the host metabolism, varies greatly among different host species and can be shaped by long-term nutritional interventions. Non-human primates, our close phylogenetic relatives and ancestors, provide an excellent model for studying diet-microbiome interaction; however, compared to clinical and rodent studies, research targeting primate gut microbiome has been limited. Herein, we analyze the gut microbiome composition in female cynomolgus macaques (; = 20) after the long-term (2.5 years) consumption of diets designed to mimic recent human Western- (WD; = 10) or Mediterranean-type (MD; = 10) diets. Microbiome diversity in MD consumers was significantly higher by the Shannon diversity index compared to the WD consumers, with similar but non-significant trends noted for the diversity metrics of species richness (Chao 1), observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) whole Tree. Compared to the MD, the WD group demonstrated a higher Firmicutes-Bacteroides ratio and a significantly higher abundance of families and . Further analyses reveal significantly higher abundance of genera , and and lower abundance of and in MD consumers relative to WD consumers. OTUs belonging to several species also show significant differences between the two groups, with species demonstrating a prominently higher abundance in the MD consumers. The data reveal several differences in the gut microbiome of primates consuming the two different diets and should be useful for further studies aimed at understanding the diet-microbiome-health interactions in primates.
哺乳动物的胃肠道中栖息着高度多样且动态变化的细菌群落。这个肠道细菌群落作为宿主新陈代谢中一个完全统一的器官共同发挥作用，其组成在不同宿主物种之间差异很大，并且会受到长期营养干预的影响。非人类灵长类动物是我们在系统发育上的近亲及祖先，为研究饮食与微生物组的相互作用提供了一个极好的模型；然而，与临床和啮齿动物研究相比，针对灵长类动物肠道微生物组的研究一直很有限。在此，我们分析了雌性食蟹猕猴（n = 20）在长期（2.5年）食用旨在模拟近期人类西方饮食（WD；n = 10）或地中海式饮食（MD；n = 10）的食物后的肠道微生物组组成。根据香农多样性指数，食用MD的猕猴的微生物组多样性显著高于食用WD的猕猴，物种丰富度（Chao 1）、观察到的操作分类单元（OTU）和系统发育多样性（PD）全树的多样性指标也呈现出相似但不显著的趋势。与MD组相比，WD组的厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比例更高，并且科 和 的丰度显著更高。进一步分析表明，与食用WD的猕猴相比，食用MD的猕猴中属 、 和 的丰度显著更高，而属 和 的丰度更低。属于几个物种的OTU在两组之间也显示出显著差异，有 个物种在食用MD的猕猴中丰度明显更高。这些数据揭示了食用两种不同饮食的灵长类动物肠道微生物组的一些差异，应该有助于进一步研究旨在理解灵长类动物饮食 - 微生物组 - 健康之间的相互作用。
