Bauer Julian, Hagen Marco, Weisz Nelson, Muehlbauer Thomas
Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Front Sports Act Living. 2020 Jul 3;2:81. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00081. eCollection 2020.
The goal of the present study was to assess the effects of fatigue on throwing and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test (YBT-UQ) performance in male adolescent handball players. We hypothesized that throwing and YBT-UQ performance will be decreased in response to an upper-body fatigue-protocol. All male participants ( = 24, age: 14.8 ± 0.7 yrs) were handball players of a regional youth selection team. A radar gun was used for the assessment of throwing velocity. The YBT-UQ was executed assessing medial, inferolateral and superolateral reach directions normalized to the upper limb length together with a composite score. Immediately following a fatigue protocol of different sets of push-ups until failure (i.e., not being able to perform 60% of the initial maximal amount of push-ups), throwing and YBT-UQ performance were assessed again. Fatigue resulted in a significant decrease in throwing velocity (-3%, = 0.022, = 0.32). Concerning YBT-UQ, the fatigue protocol produced significant decreases for the superolateral reach direction (throwing arm reach: -5%, = 0.017, = 0.39; non-throwing arm reach: -10%, < 0.001, = 0.87) and the composite score (throwing arm reach: -2%, = 0.026, = 0.31; non-throwing arm reach: -4%, = 0.001, = 0.52) but not for the medial and the inferolateral reach directions. Fatigue was found to be an impairing factor for throwing performance and shoulder mobility and stability. Therefore, a lower level of fatigue and/or a higher tolerance of fatigue is desirable. Strength-endurance and mobility exercises especially for the shoulder girdle may be a valuable addition for the training routine of youth handball players.
本研究的目的是评估疲劳对男性青少年手球运动员投掷及上肢Y平衡测试（YBT-UQ）表现的影响。我们假设，对上半身实施疲劳方案会导致投掷及YBT-UQ表现下降。所有男性参与者（n = 24，年龄：14.8±0.7岁）均为地区青年选拔队的手球运动员。使用雷达测速仪评估投掷速度。执行YBT-UQ，评估相对于上肢长度标准化的内侧、下外侧和上外侧伸展方向以及综合得分。在进行不同组的俯卧撑直至力竭（即无法完成初始最大俯卧撑次数的60%）的疲劳方案后，立即再次评估投掷及YBT-UQ表现。疲劳导致投掷速度显著下降（-3%，p = 0.022，Cohen's d = 0.32）。关于YBT-UQ，疲劳方案使上外侧伸展方向（投掷臂伸展：-5%，p = 0.017，Cohen's d = 0.39；非投掷臂伸展：-10%，p < 0.001，Cohen's d = 0.87）和综合得分（投掷臂伸展：-2%，p = 0.026，Cohen's d = 0.31；非投掷臂伸展：-4%，p = 0.001，Cohen's d = 0.52）显著下降，但内侧和下外侧伸展方向未下降。疲劳被发现是投掷表现以及肩部活动度和稳定性的损害因素。因此，较低水平的疲劳和/或更高的疲劳耐受性是可取的。特别是针对肩带的力量耐力和活动度练习可能是青少年手球运动员训练常规的有益补充。
