Ardigò Luca Paolo, Stöggl Thomas Leonhard, Thomassen Tor Oskar, Winther Andreas Kjæreng, Sagelv Edvard Hamnvik, Pedersen Sigurd, Hammer Tord Markussen, Heitmann Kim Arne, Olsen Odd-Egil, Welde Boye
Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Front Sports Act Living. 2020 Jul 14;2:89. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00089. eCollection 2020.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prolonged ski racing using skating style on technique choice in a transition section among female and male high-level skiers. Fifty three national-to-elite level skiers (20 females: 26.7 ± 4.8 years, 167.0 ± 6.5 m, 61.0 ± 5.1 kg, and 75.5 ± 68.8 FIS points; 33 males: 25.2 ± 3.5 years, 179.0 ± 5.2 cm, 73.1 ± 5.7 kg, and 73.7 ± 63.2 FIS points) were video recorded along a flat-to-uphill transition section of a course during the 30-km (females) and 50-km (males) races at the 2018 Norwegian National Championships. Across laps, section speeds decreased ( < 0.001) in all skiers, with the best-ranked skiers faster than the lowest-ranked ( < 0.001), and males faster than females in the first and middle laps. Section speed within each lap was associated with race performance ( = 0.76-0.86, < 0.001 in females and = 0.87-0.89, < 0.001 in males). The prevalence of Gear 2 (G2) increased, while Gear 3 (G3) use decreased (both < 0.001) across the subsequent laps, with females preferring G2 more than males in lap one ( = 0.027). In long-distance skate-style skiing, transition performance is representative of race performance and skiers decrease the use of the often-faster G3 technique while increasing the use of the slower G2 technique due to prolonged exercise. Especially female skiers should consider adding some flat-to-uphill G3 practice into established training, specifically early in the session before fatigue may occur.
本研究的目的是调查在男女高水平滑雪运动员的过渡区域，采用滑行风格进行长时间滑雪比赛对技术选择的影响。53名国家至精英水平的滑雪运动员（20名女性：年龄26.7±4.8岁，身高167.0±6.5厘米，体重61.0±5.1千克，国际滑雪联合会（FIS）积分75.5±68.8分；33名男性：年龄25.2±3.5岁，身高179.0±5.2厘米，体重73.1±5.7千克，FIS积分73.7±63.2分）在2018年挪威全国锦标赛的30公里（女子）和50公里（男子）比赛中，沿着赛道的平坡到上坡过渡区域进行了视频录制。在各圈中，所有滑雪运动员的分段速度均下降（P<0.001），排名靠前的滑雪运动员比排名靠后的更快（P<0.001），并且在第一圈和中间几圈男性比女性更快。每圈的分段速度与比赛成绩相关（女性中r=0.76 - 0.86，P<0.001；男性中r=0.87 - 0.89，P<0.001）。在随后的几圈中，2档（G2）的使用率增加，而3档（G3）的使用率下降（均为P<0.001），在第一圈中女性比男性更倾向于使用G2（P=0.027）。在长距离滑行式滑雪中，过渡区域的表现代表比赛成绩，并且由于长时间运动，滑雪运动员会减少通常更快的G3技术的使用，同时增加较慢的G2技术的使用。特别是女性滑雪运动员应考虑在既定训练中增加一些平坡到上坡的G3练习，尤其是在训练开始时疲劳可能出现之前。
