Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020 Feb;2(1):100080. doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2019.100080. Epub 2019 Dec 20.
In preparation for labor and delivery, there is high-quality evidence for providers to recommend perineal massage with oil for 5-10 minutes daily starting at 34 weeks until labor; ≥1 daily sets of repeated voluntary contractions of the pelvic floor muscles, performed at least several days of the week starting at approximately 30-32 weeks gestation; no x-ray pelvimetry; sweeping of membranes weekly starting at 37-38 weeks gestation; for women with a risk factor for abnormal outcome plans should be made to deliver in a hospital setting; for low-risk women, alongside birth center birth is associated with maternal benefits and higher satisfaction, compared with hospital birth; midwife-led care for low-risk women; continuous support by a professional such as doula, midwife, or nurse during labor; and training of birth attendants in low- and middle-income countries.
为了分娩做准备，有高质量的证据表明，从 34 孕周开始，提供者应建议每天用润滑剂进行 5-10 分钟的会阴按摩，直至分娩；≥1 组每日重复进行的骨盆底肌肉主动收缩，从大约 30-32 孕周开始每周至少进行几天；不进行 X 线骨盆测量；从 37-38 孕周开始每周进行胎膜剥脱术；对于有异常结局风险因素的女性，应计划在医院分娩；对于低风险女性，与医院分娩相比，在分娩中心分娩与母亲的益处和更高的满意度相关；低风险女性的助产士主导护理；在分娩过程中由导乐、助产士或护士等专业人员提供持续支持；以及在中低收入国家培训分娩服务人员。
