Department of Pharmacology (DIFAR), School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3Rs Center, University of Genova, Italy.
San Martino Hospital IRCCS, Genova, Italy.
Br J Pharmacol. 2021 Mar;178(5):1001-1017. doi: 10.1111/bph.15349. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
The existence of presynaptic, release-regulating NMDA receptors in the CNS has been long matter of discussion. Most of the reviews dedicated to support this conclusion have preferentially focussed on the results from electrophysiological studies, paying little or no attention to the data obtained with purified synaptosomes, even though this experimental approach has been recognized as providing reliable information concerning the presence and the role of presynaptic release-regulating receptors in the CNS. To fill the gap, this review is dedicated to summarising the results from studies with synaptosomes published during the last 40 years, which support the existence of auto and hetero NMDA receptors controlling the release of transmitters such as glutamate, GABA, dopamine, noradrenaline, 5-HT, acetylcholine and peptides, in the CNS of mammals. The review also deals with the results from immunochemical studies in isolated nerve endings that confirm the functional observations.
中枢神经系统中存在突触前、释放调节型 NMDA 受体，这一直是讨论的主题。大多数支持这一结论的综述文章都优先关注电生理学研究的结果，而很少或根本不关注用纯化的突触小体获得的数据，尽管这种实验方法已被认为能提供有关中枢神经系统中存在突触前释放调节受体及其作用的可靠信息。为了填补这一空白，本综述专门总结了过去 40 年来用突触小体进行的研究结果，这些研究支持了自动和异 NMDA 受体的存在，这些受体控制着诸如谷氨酸、GABA、多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素、5-HT、乙酰胆碱和肽等递质在哺乳动物中枢神经系统中的释放。该综述还涉及到在分离的神经末梢进行的免疫化学研究的结果，这些结果证实了功能观察。
