Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Matern Child Nutr. 2020 Dec;16 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):e12960. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12960.
Micronutrient deficiencies remain common among women and children in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA); in pregnant/lactating women, the intakes of essential fatty acids may also be low. Enriching home-prepared foods with small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNSs) is a promising new strategy of delivering additional micronutrients, essential fatty acids and good quality protein to women and children. This narrative review aimed to examine the impact of SQ-LNSs supplementation among women and infants and young children in SSA, and to discuss the differential impact of SQ-LNS consumption across different settings. Papers reporting randomized trials conducted in SSA in which apparently healthy women and/or ≥6-mo-old children received SQ-LNSs were identified through electronic and manual searches. Prenatal SQ-LNS consumption reduced the prevalence of low gestational weight gain in Ghana when compared with multiple micronutrients supplementation, and was associated with poorer iron/hemoglobin status when compared with iron-plus-folic acid supplementation. SQ-LNSs received alone or as intervention package improved infant/child growth in two trials in Ghana and one trial each in Burkina Faso, Kenya, Zimbabwe and South Africa, but had no impact on growth in two trials in Malawi. SQ-LNSs supplementation improved motor development in Ghana, Burkina Faso, Malawi, Kenya, and South Africa, but had no impact on language, socio-emotional, and executive functions in Ghana and Malawi and on Griffiths' developmental scores in Malawi. SQ-LNSs may contribute to improving child growth in SSA. More research is needed to determine the iron level in SQ-LNSs effective for improving both maternal hemoglobin/iron status and birth outcomes.
微量营养素缺乏仍然是撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）妇女和儿童的常见问题；在孕妇/哺乳期妇女中，必需脂肪酸的摄入量也可能较低。在家用准备的食物中添加小剂量脂质营养素补充剂（SQ-LNS）是向妇女和儿童提供额外微量营养素、必需脂肪酸和优质蛋白质的一种很有前途的新策略。本叙述性综述旨在检查 SQ-LNS 补充对 SSA 中妇女和婴儿及幼儿的影响，并讨论 SQ-LNS 消费在不同环境下的差异影响。通过电子和手动搜索，确定了在 SSA 进行的报告随机试验的论文，其中明显健康的妇女和/或≥6 个月大的儿童接受了 SQ-LNS。与多种微量营养素补充相比，产前 SQ-LNS 消耗可降低加纳低妊娠体重增加的发生率，与铁加叶酸补充相比，与铁/血红蛋白状况较差相关。在加纳的两项试验和布基纳法索、肯尼亚、津巴布韦和南非的一项试验中，单独或作为干预包的 SQ-LNSs 改善了婴儿/儿童的生长，但在马拉维的两项试验中对生长没有影响。在加纳、布基纳法索、马拉维、肯尼亚和南非，SQ-LNS 补充可改善运动发育，但在加纳和马拉维，对语言、社会情感和执行功能以及马拉维的 Griffiths 发育评分没有影响。SQ-LNS 可能有助于改善 SSA 儿童的生长。需要进一步研究确定 SQ-LNS 中的铁含量，以有效改善母亲血红蛋白/铁状况和生育结局。
