Wojtas Daniel, Mzyk Aldona, Kawałko Jakub, Imbir Gabriela, Trembecka-Wójciga Klaudia, Marzec Mateusz, Jarzębska Anna, Maj Łukasz, Wierzbanowski Krzysztof, Chulist Robert, Pachla Wacek, Sztwiertnia Krzysztof
Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, Kraków 30-059, Poland.
Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, Kraków 30-059, Poland.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2021 Jan 11;7(1):114-121. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01034. Epub 2020 Dec 21.
The phenomenon of superior biological behavior observed in titanium processed by an unconventional severe plastic deformation method, that is, hydrostatic extrusion, has been described within the present study. In doing so, specimens varying significantly in the crystallographic orientation of grains, yet exhibiting comparable grain refinement, were meticulously investigated. The aim was to find the clear origin of enhanced biocompatibility of titanium-based materials, having microstructures scaled down to the submicron range. Texture, microstructure, and surface characteristics, that is, wettability, roughness, and chemical composition, were examined as well as protein adsorption tests and cell response studies were carried out. It has been concluded that, irrespective of surface properties and mean grain size, the (101̅0) crystallographic plane favors endothelial cell attachment on the surface of the severely deformed titanium. Interestingly, an enhanced albumin, fibronectin, and serum adsorption as well as clearly directional growth of the cells with preferentially oriented cell nuclei have been observed on the surfaces having (0001) planes exposed predominantly. Overall, the biological response of titanium fabricated by severe plastic deformation techniques is derived from the synergistic effect of surface irregularities, being the effect of refined microstructures, surface chemistry, and crystallographic orientation of grains rather than grain refinement itself.
本研究描述了通过非常规严重塑性变形方法（即静液挤压）加工的钛所表现出的优异生物学行为现象。在此过程中，对晶粒晶体取向差异显著但晶粒细化程度相当的试样进行了细致研究。目的是找出微观结构缩小至亚微米范围的钛基材料生物相容性增强的明确根源。研究了织构、微观结构和表面特性（即润湿性、粗糙度和化学成分），并进行了蛋白质吸附测试和细胞反应研究。得出的结论是，无论表面性质和平均晶粒尺寸如何，(101̅0)晶面有利于内皮细胞附着在严重变形钛的表面。有趣的是，在主要暴露(0001)面的表面上，观察到白蛋白、纤连蛋白和血清吸附增强，以及细胞核优先取向的细胞明显定向生长。总体而言，通过严重塑性变形技术制造的钛的生物学反应源自表面不规则性的协同效应，这是细化微观结构、表面化学和晶粒晶体取向的效应，而非晶粒细化本身。
