Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM Biology, Linköping University, 58381 Linköping, Sweden.
Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM Biology, Linköping University, 58381 Linköping, Sweden; School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK.
Behav Processes. 2021 Feb;183:104298. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104298. Epub 2020 Dec 18.
Despite the prevalence and research interest of animal personality, its underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Due to the essential role of monoamines in modulating behaviour, we manipulated the monoaminergic systems of Mediterranean field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) to explore whether this altered behavioural responses commonly used to describe animal personality. Previous work has shown that both serotonin and dopamine manipulations can alter cricket behaviour, although results differ depending on the drug in focus. Here, we investigate the effect of Fluphenazine, a dopamine antagonist which also interacts with serotonin receptors, on activity, exploration, boldness, and aggression. These results are compared with those of our earlier work that investigated the effect of drugs that more specifically target serotonin or dopamine systems (Fluoxetine and Ropinirole, respectively). Due to limited research on dose-effects of Fluphenazine, we created dose-response curves with concentrations ranging from those measured in surface waters up to human therapeutic doses. We show that compared to control animals, Fluphenazine manipulation resulted in lower levels of both exploration and boldness, but did not affect activity nor aggression. The effect on explorative behaviour contradicts our previous results of serotonin and dopamine manipulations. These results together confirm the causal role of monoamines in explaining variation in behaviour often used to describe animal personality, effects that can be both dose- and behaviour-dependent. Further, our results suggest that previous results assigned specifically to the dopaminergic system, may at least partly be explained by effects of the serotonergic system. Thus, future studies should continue to investigate the explicit underlying roles of specific monoamines in explaining behavioural variation.
尽管动物个性普遍存在且备受研究关注，但其潜在机制尚未完全理解。由于单胺类物质在调节行为方面起着重要作用，我们操纵了地中海蟋蟀（Gryllus bimaculatus）的单胺能系统，以探讨这种行为反应是否可以用来描述动物个性。先前的研究表明，血清素和多巴胺的操纵都可以改变蟋蟀的行为，尽管结果因关注的药物而异。在这里，我们研究了氟奋乃静（Fluphenazine）对蟋蟀行为的影响，氟奋乃静是一种多巴胺拮抗剂，也与血清素受体相互作用。我们将这些结果与我们早期研究的结果进行了比较，该研究调查了更专门针对血清素或多巴胺系统的药物（氟西汀和罗匹尼罗）的影响。由于氟奋乃静剂量效应的研究有限，我们创建了从地表水测量浓度到人类治疗剂量的浓度范围的剂量反应曲线。与对照动物相比，我们发现氟奋乃静处理导致探索和大胆行为水平降低，但不影响活动和攻击行为。这种对探索行为的影响与我们之前对血清素和多巴胺操纵的结果相矛盾。这些结果共同证实了单胺类物质在解释通常用于描述动物个性的行为变异中的因果作用，这种作用可能取决于剂量和行为。此外，我们的结果表明，以前专门归因于多巴胺系统的结果，至少部分可能是由血清素系统的影响解释的。因此，未来的研究应继续研究特定单胺类物质在解释行为变异中的明确作用。
