van der Fels-Klerx H J, Camenzuli L, Belluco S, Meijer N, Ricci A
Dept. of Toxicology and Novel Foods, RIKILT Wageningen Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, NL-6708, WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
ExxonMobile Petroleum & Chemical, Hermeslaan 2, 1831, Machelen, Belgium.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2018 Sep;17(5):1172-1183. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12385. Epub 2018 Aug 15.
Edible insects are expected to become an important nutrient source for animals and humans in the Western world in the near future. However, before insects can be put on the market, the safety of their use for feed and food is warranted. This literature study was prepared to provide an overview of the actual knowledge of possible food safety hazards, including chemical, microbiological, and allergenic agents and prions, to human and animal health upon the use of insects for food and feed, and to highlight data gaps and suggest the way forward. From the data available, heavy metals of concern are cadmium in black soldier fly and arsenic in yellow mealworm larvae. Investigated mycotoxins do not seem to accumulate. Residues of pesticides, veterinary drugs, and hormones, as well as dioxins and PCBs, are sometimes found in insects. Contamination of insects with pathogens to human health is a consequence of a combination of the substrates used and the farming and processing steps applied. Insects harbor a wide variety of microorganisms, and some human pathogenic bacteria may be present. In addition, insects may harbor and transmit parasites. There is no evidence so far insects may harbor pathogenic viruses or prions, but they may act as vectors. Insects and insect-derived products may have allergenic potential. In this review, evidence on some safety aspects is displayed, and data gaps are identified. Recommendations are given for future research to fill the most relevant data gaps.
在不久的将来，食用昆虫有望成为西方世界动物和人类的重要营养来源。然而，在昆虫能够投放市场之前，必须确保其用于饲料和食品的安全性。本文献研究旨在概述有关食用昆虫作为食品和饲料对人类和动物健康可能存在的食品安全危害的实际知识，包括化学、微生物、致敏原和朊病毒等，并突出数据空白，提出未来的研究方向。从现有数据来看，值得关注的重金属是黑水虻中的镉和黄粉虫幼虫中的砷。所调查的霉菌毒素似乎不会积累。有时在昆虫中会发现农药、兽药和激素的残留，以及二噁英和多氯联苯。昆虫被对人类健康有害的病原体污染是所使用的底物以及养殖和加工步骤综合作用的结果。昆虫携带多种微生物，可能存在一些人类病原菌。此外，昆虫可能携带并传播寄生虫。目前尚无证据表明昆虫可能携带致病性病毒或朊病毒，但它们可能充当传播媒介。昆虫及其衍生产品可能具有致敏性。在本综述中，展示了一些安全方面的证据，并确定了数据空白。针对未来研究提出了建议，以填补最相关的数据空白。
