School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,
Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Obes Facts. 2021;14(1):121-130. doi: 10.1159/000512356. Epub 2020 Dec 22.
During adolescence, health behaviors and weight status are increasingly influenced by friendship and peer networks. This paper examines resemblances in weight-related characteristics and how they differ by sociodemographic factors.
Over 3,000 friendships were reported by 1,603 adolescents, aged 11-16 years, who participated in the school-based I.Family study in 6 European countries. Each "source child" named 1-10 friends for whom standardized weight-related traits were available in the same survey. The mean value of the friends' traits weighted by time spent together was calculated, and related to the source child's trait. Country, age and sex of the source child, parental education, and immigrant background were considered for confounding and moderation.
Source children's z-scores of body fat percent and BMI were positively associated with their friends' characteristics, in particular if they had highly educated parents. Positive associations were also found regarding the frequency of fast-food consumption, impulsivity, screen time, preference for sugar-sweetened foods, and hours spent in sports clubs, in increasing order of effect size. Additionally, correlations were observed between friends' cognitive and school functioning and being bullied. No associations were seen for a preference for high-fat foods, weight concerns, and health-related quality of life. Finally, parental education and immigrant background were associated between friends in all countries except Sweden, where no associations were observed.
Adolescent friends shared a number of weight-related characteristics. For weight measures per se, positive associations with friends' characteristics were only observed in adolescents with high parental education. Associations regarding energy-balance behaviors and indicators of school-related well-being did not differ by parental education. Parental education and immigrant background correlated positively in friends in most countries showing that social aggregation is already occurring in adolescence. The wide spectrum of friendship associations in weight-related traits and behaviors suggests that health promotion initiatives in adolescents should be directed towards peer groups in both school-related and leisure-time environments. ISRCTN Registry: Pan-European IDEFICS/I.Family children cohort (ID ISRCTN62310987; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN62310987).
在青少年时期，健康行为和体重状况越来越受到友谊和同伴网络的影响。本文研究了与体重相关特征的相似性，以及这些特征如何因社会人口因素而有所不同。
在 6 个欧洲国家开展的基于学校的 I.Family 研究中，有 1603 名年龄在 11-16 岁的青少年报告了超过 3000 份友谊。每个“源儿童”为其提供了标准化体重相关特征的 1-10 个朋友。根据共同度过的时间对朋友的特征进行加权，计算出平均值，并将其与源儿童的特征相关联。同时考虑了源儿童的国家、年龄和性别、父母教育程度以及移民背景等混杂因素和调节因素。
源儿童的体脂肪百分比和 BMI 的 z 分数与他们朋友的特征呈正相关，尤其是如果他们的父母受教育程度较高。在快餐消费频率、冲动性、屏幕时间、对含糖食物的偏好以及参加体育俱乐部的时间等方面也发现了正相关关系，且按效应大小递增。此外，还观察到朋友之间的认知和学校功能以及被欺凌之间存在相关性。但在高糖高脂食物偏好、体重担忧和健康相关生活质量方面则没有观察到相关性。最后，除了瑞典之外，在所有国家中，父母教育程度和移民背景在朋友之间存在关联，而在瑞典则没有观察到这种关联。
青少年朋友之间存在一些与体重相关的特征。就体重测量本身而言，只有在父母教育程度较高的青少年中，才观察到与朋友特征的正相关。在能量平衡行为和学校相关健康福祉的指标方面，父母教育程度的相关性则没有差异。在大多数国家，父母教育程度和移民背景在朋友之间呈正相关，这表明社会聚集现象在青少年时期已经开始出现。在与体重相关的特征和行为方面，友谊关联的范围广泛，这表明在青少年中，健康促进计划应针对学校和休闲时间环境中的同伴群体。
原文中括号内的内容为注释，译文未包含注释内容。
