I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Pathobiology. 2021;88(2):198-207. doi: 10.1159/000511556. Epub 2020 Dec 22.
Lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite the major diagnostic and therapeutic innovations, the effect on mortality has been modest and the overall survival is still poor. Better understanding of the pathology of these tumors is necessary in order to develop personalized therapeutic strategies in lung cancer patients. Human microbiome has been associated with normal physiology and function, and increasing evidence points towards a key role of the microbiome in promoting the progression of lung disease. Studies have shown that although poorly understood, lung has a distinctive microbiome that may an important role in lung cancer development and progression, and interactions between microbial populations have the potential to influence disease, suggesting that microbiome can be an emerging target in cancer therapeutics. We will review mechanisms how the lung microbiota influences carcinogenesis, focusing on the bacterial dysbiosis and inflammation. Moreover, we will discuss the link between the microbiome and cancer and the consequences induced by the immune system, as the host microbiota plays an essential role in activating and modulating the immune response. We summarize current research advances in the lung microbiome and demonstrate the potential to exploit microbiome as a mechanism to prevent carcinogenesis and modulate therapeutic strategy, suggesting microbiome as a valuable approach in lung cancer patients.
肺癌仍然是全球癌症死亡的主要原因。尽管有重大的诊断和治疗创新，但对死亡率的影响有限，总体生存率仍然较差。为了在肺癌患者中制定个性化的治疗策略，有必要更好地了解这些肿瘤的病理学。人类微生物组与正常生理和功能有关，越来越多的证据表明微生物组在促进肺部疾病进展中起着关键作用。研究表明，尽管人们对其了解甚少，但肺部有一个独特的微生物组，它可能在肺癌的发生和发展中起着重要作用，微生物种群之间的相互作用有可能影响疾病，这表明微生物组可能成为癌症治疗的一个新靶点。我们将回顾肺部微生物组影响致癌作用的机制，重点讨论细菌失调和炎症。此外，我们还将讨论微生物组与癌症之间的联系以及免疫系统引起的后果，因为宿主微生物组在激活和调节免疫反应方面发挥着重要作用。我们总结了肺部微生物组的当前研究进展，并展示了利用微生物组作为预防致癌作用和调节治疗策略的机制的潜力，表明微生物组是肺癌患者有价值的治疗方法。
