Bahadur Shiv, Pardhi Dinesh M, Rautio Jarkko, Rosenholm Jessica M, Pathak Kamla
Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India.
Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
Pharmaceutics. 2020 Dec 18;12(12):1230. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121230.
The treatment of various central nervous system (CNS) diseases has been challenging, despite the rapid development of several novel treatment approaches. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the major issues in the treatment of CNS diseases, having major role in the protection of the brain but simultaneously constituting the main limiting hurdle for drugs targeting the brain. Nasal drug delivery has gained significant interest for brain targeting over the past decades, wherein the drug is directly delivered to the brain by the trigeminal and olfactory pathway. Various novel and promising formulation approaches have been explored for drug targeting to the brain by nasal administration. Nanoemulsions have the potential to avoid problems, including low solubility, poor bioavailability, slow onset of action, and enzymatic degradation. The present review highlights research scenarios of nanoemulsions for nose-to-brain delivery for the management of CNS ailments classified on the basis of brain disorders and further identifies the areas that remain unexplored. The significance of the total dose delivered to the target region, biodistribution studies, and long-term toxicity studies have been identified as the key areas of future research.
尽管多种新型治疗方法迅速发展，但各种中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病的治疗一直具有挑战性。血脑屏障（BBB）是中枢神经系统疾病治疗中的主要问题之一，它在保护大脑方面发挥着重要作用，但同时也是靶向大脑的药物的主要限制障碍。在过去几十年中，鼻腔给药在脑靶向方面引起了极大的关注，其中药物通过三叉神经和嗅觉途径直接输送到大脑。人们已经探索了各种新颖且有前景的制剂方法，用于通过鼻腔给药将药物靶向输送到大脑。纳米乳剂有潜力避免包括低溶解度、低生物利用度、起效缓慢和酶降解等问题。本综述重点介绍了基于脑部疾病分类的纳米乳剂用于鼻-脑给药治疗中枢神经系统疾病的研究情况，并进一步确定了尚未探索的领域。已确定输送到靶区域的总剂量的意义、生物分布研究和长期毒性研究是未来研究的关键领域。
