Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Trends Microbiol. 2021 Jun;29(6):504-516. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.11.008. Epub 2020 Dec 19.
Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat to global public health as antibiotics are losing effectiveness due to rapid development of resistance. The human immune system facilitates control and clearance of resistant bacterial populations during the course of antimicrobial therapy. Here we review current knowledge of mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, an arm of the immune system on the border between innate and adaptive, and their critical place in human antibacterial immunity. We propose that MAIT cells play important roles against antimicrobial-resistant infections through their capacity to directly clear multidrug-resistant bacteria and overcome mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. Finally, we discuss outstanding questions pertinent to the possible advancement of host-directed therapy as an alternative intervention strategy for antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections.
抗生素的有效性由于耐药性的快速发展而降低，因此抗菌药物耐药性是对全球公共卫生的严重威胁。在抗菌治疗过程中，人体免疫系统有助于控制和清除耐药菌群体。在这里，我们回顾了粘膜相关不变 T（MAIT）细胞的现有知识，这是先天和适应性免疫系统之间边界上的免疫系统的一部分，以及它们在人类抗菌免疫中的关键作用。我们提出，MAIT 细胞通过直接清除多药耐药菌和克服抗菌耐药机制，在对抗抗菌药物耐药性感染方面发挥重要作用。最后，我们讨论了与宿主定向治疗作为一种替代干预策略用于抗菌药物耐药性细菌感染相关的悬而未决的问题。
