Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
Research and Development, VA Portland Health Care Center, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
Immunol Cell Biol. 2018 Jul;96(6):607-617. doi: 10.1111/imcb.12022. Epub 2018 Mar 9.
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, the most abundant T-cell subset in humans, are increasingly being recognized for their importance in microbial immunity. MAIT cells accumulate in almost every mucosal tissue examined, including the lung, liver and intestinal tract, where they can be activated through T-cell receptor (TCR) triggering as well as cytokine stimulation in response to a host of microbial products. In this review, we specifically discuss MAIT cell responses to bacterial and fungal infections, with a focus on responses that are both MR1-dependent and -independent, the evidence for diversity in MAIT TCR usage in response to discrete microbial products, protective immunity induced by MAIT cells, and MAIT cell antimicrobial functions in the context of these infections.
黏膜相关恒定 T（MAIT）细胞是人类中最丰富的 T 细胞亚群，其在微生物免疫中的重要性日益受到关注。MAIT 细胞在几乎所有检查过的黏膜组织中积聚，包括肺、肝和肠道，在这些组织中，它们可以通过 T 细胞受体（TCR）触发以及细胞因子刺激来激活，以响应多种微生物产物。在这篇综述中，我们特别讨论了 MAIT 细胞对细菌和真菌感染的反应，重点是依赖和不依赖 MR1 的反应、对离散微生物产物的 MAIT TCR 使用的多样性证据、MAIT 细胞诱导的保护性免疫以及在这些感染情况下 MAIT 细胞的抗菌功能。
