Badelt G, Goeters C, Becke-Jakob K, Deitmer T, Eich C, Höhne C, Stuck B A, Wiater A
Klinik für Anästhesie und Kinderanästhesie, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Klinik St. Hedwig, Steinmetzstraße 1-3, 93049, Regensburg, Deutschland.
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin e.V. (DGAI) | Wissenschaftlicher Arbeitskreis Kinderanästhesie (WAKKA), Nürnberg, Deutschland.
HNO. 2021 Jan;69(1):3-13. doi: 10.1007/s00106-020-00970-6. Epub 2020 Dec 22.
Otolaryngologic surgery is one of the most frequent operative interventions performed in children. Tonsil surgery with or without adenoidectomy due to hyperplasia of the tonsils and adenoids with obstruction of the upper airways with or without tympanic ventilation disorder is the most common of these procedures. Children with a history of sleep apnoea (OSA) suffer from a significantly increased risk of perioperative respiratory complications. Cases of death and severe permanent neurologic damage have been reported due to apnoea and increased opioid sensitivity. The current guideline represents a pragmatic risk-adjusted approach. Patients with confirmed or suspected OSA should be treated perioperatively according to their individual risks and requirements, in order to avoid severe permanent damage.
耳鼻喉科手术是儿童中最常见的手术干预之一。因扁桃体和腺样体增生伴或不伴鼓膜通气障碍导致上呼吸道阻塞而进行的扁桃体手术（伴或不伴腺样体切除术）是这些手术中最常见的。有睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）病史的儿童围手术期呼吸并发症风险显著增加。已有因呼吸暂停和阿片类药物敏感性增加导致死亡和严重永久性神经损伤的病例报道。当前指南代表了一种实用的风险调整方法。确诊或疑似OSA的患者应根据其个体风险和需求进行围手术期治疗，以避免严重的永久性损伤。
