Gutt Julian, Isla Enrique, Xavier José C, Adams Byron J, Ahn In-Young, Cheng C-H Christina, Colesie Claudia, Cummings Vonda J, di Prisco Guido, Griffiths Huw, Hawes Ian, Hogg Ian, McIntyre Trevor, Meiners Klaus M, Pearce David A, Peck Lloyd, Piepenburg Dieter, Reisinger Ryan R, Saba Grace K, Schloss Irene R, Signori Camila N, Smith Craig R, Vacchi Marino, Verde Cinzia, Wall Diana H
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Columbusstr., Bremerhaven, 27568, Germany.
Institute of Marine Sciences-CSIC, Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2021 Jun;96(3):798-821. doi: 10.1111/brv.12679. Epub 2020 Dec 22.
Important findings from the second decade of the 21st century on the impact of environmental change on biological processes in the Antarctic were synthesised by 26 international experts. Ten key messages emerged that have stakeholder-relevance and/or a high impact for the scientific community. They address (i) altered biogeochemical cycles, (ii) ocean acidification, (iii) climate change hotspots, (iv) unexpected dynamism in seabed-dwelling populations, (v) spatial range shifts, (vi) adaptation and thermal resilience, (vii) sea ice related biological fluctuations, (viii) pollution, (ix) endangered terrestrial endemism and (x) the discovery of unknown habitats. Most Antarctic biotas are exposed to multiple stresses and considered vulnerable to environmental change due to narrow tolerance ranges, rapid change, projected circumpolar impacts, low potential for timely genetic adaptation, and migration barriers. Important ecosystem functions, such as primary production and energy transfer between trophic levels, have already changed, and biodiversity patterns have shifted. A confidence assessment of the degree of 'scientific understanding' revealed an intermediate level for most of the more detailed sub-messages, indicating that process-oriented research has been successful in the past decade. Additional efforts are necessary, however, to achieve the level of robustness in scientific knowledge that is required to inform protection measures of the unique Antarctic terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and their contributions to global biodiversity and ecosystem services.
26位国际专家综合了21世纪第二个十年里关于环境变化对南极生物过程影响的重要发现。得出了十条关键信息，这些信息与利益相关者相关，和/或对科学界有重大影响。它们涉及（i）生物地球化学循环的改变，（ii）海洋酸化，（iii）气候变化热点，（iv）海底生物种群出人意料的动态变化，（v）空间分布范围的变化，（vi）适应和热弹性，（vii）与海冰相关的生物波动，（viii）污染，（ix）濒危陆地特有物种，以及（x）未知栖息地的发现。由于耐受范围狭窄、变化迅速、预计的环极影响、及时进行基因适应的潜力低以及迁移障碍，大多数南极生物群落面临多种压力，且被认为易受环境变化影响。重要的生态系统功能，如初级生产和营养级之间的能量转移，已经发生变化，生物多样性模式也已改变。对“科学理解”程度的信心评估显示，大多数更详细的子信息处于中等水平，这表明过去十年以过程为导向的研究取得了成功。然而，要达到为保护独特的南极陆地和海洋生态系统及其对全球生物多样性和生态系统服务的贡献所需的科学知识稳健水平，还需要付出更多努力。
