Department of Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland.
Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(11):3002-3022. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1862047. Epub 2020 Dec 23.
Iron is an essential micronutrient for almost all living organisms. It plays an important role in DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis and takes part in electron transport, cellular respiration, cell proliferation and differentiation, and gene expression regulation. However, there is a fine line between excessive and insufficient body iron content. Iron overload is biochemically dangerous. It causes serious toxicities and generates reactive oxygen species via the Fenton reaction, leading to damage to cellular membranes, proteins, and DNA. Omega-3 fatty acids play an essential role in many physiological processes, including energy metabolism and signal transduction, as well as acting as structural components of cell membranes. Omega-3 fatty acids also help to maintain homeostasis and combat diseases. Recent studies using model organisms as well as clinical studies have revealed a link between omega-3 fatty acids and iron metabolism. Moreover, various iron-related disorders are significantly affected by omega-3 fatty acids. There is a clear relationship between iron and omega-3 fatty acid metabolisms; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Therefore, in-depth research is needed to determine the exact nature of the metabolic interactions of these nutrients. Here, we focus on iron and omega-3 fatty acid metabolisms at their crossroads in the liver and brain.
铁是几乎所有生物体必需的微量元素。它在 DNA、RNA 和蛋白质合成中发挥重要作用，并参与电子传递、细胞呼吸、细胞增殖和分化以及基因表达调控。然而，体内铁含量过多和过少之间只有一线之隔。铁过载在生化上是危险的。它通过芬顿反应引起严重的毒性和产生活性氧，导致细胞膜、蛋白质和 DNA 损伤。ω-3 脂肪酸在许多生理过程中发挥着重要作用，包括能量代谢和信号转导，以及作为细胞膜的结构成分。ω-3 脂肪酸还有助于维持体内平衡和对抗疾病。使用模式生物的最近研究以及临床研究揭示了 ω-3 脂肪酸与铁代谢之间的联系。此外，各种与铁有关的疾病都受到 ω-3 脂肪酸的显著影响。铁和 ω-3 脂肪酸代谢之间存在明显的关系；然而，其潜在机制尚不清楚。因此，需要深入研究以确定这些营养素代谢相互作用的确切性质。在这里，我们重点关注肝脏和大脑中铁和 ω-3 脂肪酸代谢的交汇点。
