Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Białystok, Poland
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2020;71(4):393-403. doi: 10.32394/rpzh.2020.0133.
The preschool period is a time of intensive changes: physical, motoric, cognitive, emotional and social development of the child. The diet should provide optimal energy andnutrient levels. Due to their properties, some of the dietary components may be particularly important in child development procesess. These include omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, vitamin D, antioxidants, iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper.
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of selected dietary components, the nutritional status and sleep duration in children at pre-school ages (3-6-years old) on their emotional sphere, as well as the cognitive, physical and social development.
Anonymous research was carried out among 75 randomly selected children aged 3-6 years old in the Municipal Kindergarten in Ruciane-Nida. Research methods consited of a questionnaire, a 3-day food record, growth charts, and standardized development observation sheets. Software used for evaluation and analysis of obtained results was Diet 5.0. and Statistica 13.
It was observed that the increase of the BMI percentile correlated with a lesser social development of children. Children who slept a recommended number of hours presented higher level of cognitive developmnent. High level of cognitive development was more common in children supplementing vitamin D. Higher intake of folates, vitamin D, vitamin E, magnesium, zinc and copper correlated positively with a higher level of cognitive development.
Application of the proper nutrition and healthy lifestyle principles supports a proper child development. All dietary components should be balanced, however some nutrients are of especial significance during the childhood development and therefore their optimal intake is essential for this developmental period.
学前期是儿童身体、运动、认知、情感和社会发展迅速的时期。儿童的饮食应提供最佳的能量和营养水平。由于其特性，一些饮食成分在儿童发育过程中可能特别重要。这些包括欧米伽 3 脂肪酸、B 族维生素、维生素 D、抗氧化剂、铁、钙、镁、锌和铜。
本研究旨在确定学龄前儿童（3-6 岁）饮食中某些成分的营养状况和睡眠时间对其情绪、认知、身体和社会发展的影响。
在鲁采涅-尼亚德市幼儿园，对 75 名随机选择的 3-6 岁儿童进行了匿名研究。研究方法包括问卷调查、3 天的食物记录、生长图表和标准化发展观察表。用于评估和分析结果的软件是 Diet 5.0 和 Statistica 13。
观察到 BMI 百分位的增加与儿童社会发展程度较低有关。睡眠时间达到推荐数目的儿童认知发展水平较高。补充维生素 D 的儿童认知发展水平较高。叶酸、维生素 D、维生素 E、镁、锌和铜的摄入量较高与认知发展水平较高呈正相关。
应用适当的营养和健康生活方式原则有助于儿童的正常发育。所有饮食成分都应保持平衡，但在儿童发育期间，某些营养素尤为重要，因此在这个发育阶段摄入最佳量是必不可少的。
