Gil Marian, Głodek Elzbieta, Rudy Mariusz
Katedra Przetwórstwa i Towaroznawstwa Rolniczego, Wydział Biologiczno - Rolniczy, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski.
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2012;63(4):441-6.
To function properly the human body needs, from a nutritional point of view, the supply of a wide variety of nutrients. In this respect, in addition to essential nutrients, vitamins and minerals play an important role. Particular attention should be paid to the nutrition of studying youth as in their diet there are observed many irregularities arising from the specific nature of student life.
The aim of the study was to identify and assess the level of intake of selected vitamins and minerals in a group of students with consideration of gender.
The study included the group of 200 persons studying at the Faculty of Biology and Agriculture at the University of Rzeszów. The assessment of intake was made using the method of immediate recording of products and beverages consumed by students within three successive days. Using the Tables of Nutritional Value of Foods and Dishes there was calculated the average daily intake of minerals (sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese) and vitamins (A, D, E, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folates and vitamin B12).
It was found that the nutrition of women had seriously deficient intake of vitamin D (49%), folates (54%), thiamine and niacin. In terms of mineral intake in women there was diagnosed insufficient contribution of iron (46%), potassium (51.4%), calcium (55.4%) and magnesium (71.6%) in the diet. In the group of men deficiencies were found in the case of vitamin D (79.4%), foliates (71.6%) and vitamin C (76.0%). The excess of manganese (210.0%), phosphorus (198.9%), sodium (170.2%) in the diet and deficiency of potassium (65.5%), calcium (67.0%) and magnesium (73.9%) were found.
The diet of men to a greater extent fulfils the need for vitamins and minerals. The results of the study show the necessity of education in order to foster healthy nutritional habits and to increase the share of natural sources of vitamins and minerals in the diet to prevent the occurrence of adverse effects related to their insufficient consumption.
从营养角度来看，人体正常运作需要多种营养素的供应。在这方面，除了必需营养素外，维生素和矿物质也起着重要作用。应特别关注在校青年的营养状况，因为在他们的饮食中，由于学生生活的特殊性，存在许多不规律之处。
本研究的目的是考虑性别因素，确定并评估一组学生中特定维生素和矿物质的摄入水平。
该研究纳入了热舒夫大学（University of Rzeszów）生物与农业学院的200名学生。采用连续三天即时记录学生所消费的食品和饮料的方法进行摄入量评估。利用《食品与菜肴营养价值表》计算出矿物质（钠、钾、钙、磷、镁、铁、锌、铜、锰）和维生素（A、D、E、硫胺素、核黄素、烟酸、维生素B6、叶酸和维生素B12）的平均每日摄入量。
发现女性的饮食中维生素D（49%）、叶酸（54%）、硫胺素和烟酸的摄入量严重不足。就矿物质摄入而言，女性饮食中铁（46%）、钾（51.4%）、钙（55.4%）和镁（71.6%）的摄入量被诊断为不足。在男性组中，发现维生素D（79.4%）、叶酸（71.6%）和维生素C（76.0%）存在缺乏情况。饮食中锰（210.0%）、磷（198.9%）、钠（170.2%）过量，而钾（65.5%）、钙（67.0%）和镁（73.9%）缺乏。
男性的饮食在更大程度上满足了维生素和矿物质的需求。研究结果表明，有必要开展教育，以培养健康的营养习惯，并增加饮食中天然维生素和矿物质来源的比例，以防止因摄入不足而产生的不良影响。
