7284University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA, USA.
The 91637Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Geneva, Switzerland.
Food Nutr Bull. 2020 Dec;41(2_suppl):74S-86S. doi: 10.1177/0379572120945904.
Sustainable healthy diets are those dietary patterns that promote all dimensions of individuals' health and well-being; have low environmental pressure and impact; are accessible, affordable, safe, and equitable; and are culturally acceptable. The food environment, defined as the interface between the wider food system and consumer's food acquisition and consumption, is critical for ensuring equitable access to foods that are healthy, safe, affordable, and appealing.
Current food environments are creating inequities, and sustainable healthy foods are generally more accessible for those of higher socioeconomic status. The physical, economic, and policy components of the food environment can all be acted on to promote sustainable healthy diets. Physical spaces can be modified to improve relative availability (ie, proximity) of food outlets that carry nutritious foods in low-income communities; to address economic access certain actions may improve affordability, such as fortification, preventing food loss through supply chain improvements; and commodity specific vouchers for fruits, vegetables, and legumes. Other policy actions that address accessibility to sustainable healthy foods are comprehensive marketing restrictions and easy-to-understand front-of-pack nutrition labels. While shaping food environments will require concerted action from all stakeholders, governments and private sector bear significant responsibility for ensuring equitable access to sustainable healthy diets.
可持续的健康饮食是指那些既能促进个人健康和福祉的各个方面，又能对环境造成较小压力和影响的饮食模式；这些饮食模式还应具有可及性、可负担性、安全性和公平性，且能被文化所接受。食品环境被定义为更广泛的食品系统与消费者获取和消费食物之间的界面，它对确保公平获得健康、安全、负担得起且有吸引力的食物至关重要。
当前的食品环境造成了不平等，而可持续的健康食品通常更容易被社会经济地位较高的人获得。食品环境的物质、经济和政策组成部分都可以采取行动来促进可持续的健康饮食。可以通过改造物质空间来改善低收入社区营养食品供应渠道的相对可及性（即接近度）；通过改善食品供应，减少食物损失，或对水果、蔬菜和豆类等特定商品发放优惠券来提高经济可及性，从而降低价格；还可以通过制定全面的营销限制和简单易懂的包装营养标签等政策措施来解决食品的可及性问题。虽然塑造食品环境需要所有利益相关者的共同努力，但政府和私营部门在确保公平获得可持续健康饮食方面承担着重大责任。
