University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
Global Outreach Doctors, Santa Fe, NM, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2022 Jun;37(11-12):NP9469-NP9495. doi: 10.1177/0886260520983301. Epub 2020 Dec 23.
Conflict settings are often the context of some of the highest rates of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). Although women are disproportionately the victims of SGBV, they are not the only victims. Indirect impacts of SGBV also impact men, families, and communities. Examining SGBV as only a woman's concern reinforces the hegemonic gender-binary view that SGBV somehow does not include men, who can be direct victims of SGBV, family members of female victims of SGBV, and/or perpetrators of SGBV. This qualitative study seeks to fill a gap by exploring the impact of SGBV on individuals, families, and communities, and potential options to ameliorate those issues. Data were collected in 2019 from community-based discussions in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. Women described being direct victims of SGBV, as well as the burden of being at constant alert to the possible threat of violence. Men talked more about SGBV being perpetrated against women, and the indirect effect on men's perception of their social husband and/or father role to protect and provide for their family. Taken together, women and men describe three types of violence: sexual violence by an unknown assailant who is often associated the rebel groups or the military; sexual violence from a known assailant within one's community; and sexual or physical violence within intimate partnerships (i.e., intimate partner violence). Women focused more on community-based solutions to reduce their exposure to violence, while men discussed the government's responsibility to end the long-standing conflict that has severely disrupted lives. Practically, these findings support the need to specify different types of SGBV, and the opportunity to tailor interventions by type.
冲突环境往往是性暴力和性别暴力（SGBV）发生率最高的环境之一。虽然女性不成比例地成为 SGBV 的受害者，但她们并不是唯一的受害者。SGBV 的间接影响也会影响男性、家庭和社区。将 SGBV 仅视为女性关注的问题，强化了性二元论的霸权观点，即 SGBV 某种程度上不包括男性，而男性可能是 SGBV 的直接受害者、女性 SGBV 受害者的家庭成员，以及/或 SGBV 的实施者。这项定性研究旨在通过探索 SGBV 对个人、家庭和社区的影响以及潜在的缓解这些问题的选择来填补这一空白。数据于 2019 年从刚果民主共和国南基伍的社区讨论中收集。女性描述了自己是 SGBV 的直接受害者，以及对暴力可能威胁的持续警惕的负担。男性更多地谈到了对妇女实施的 SGBV，以及对男性对其社会丈夫和/或父亲角色的看法的间接影响，即保护和供养家庭。总之，女性和男性描述了三种类型的暴力：来自一个不知名攻击者的性暴力，攻击者通常与反叛团体或军队有关；来自社区内熟人的性暴力；以及亲密伴侣关系中的性或身体暴力（即亲密伴侣暴力）。女性更关注减少自己暴露于暴力的社区解决方案，而男性则讨论了政府结束长期冲突的责任，这场冲突严重扰乱了人们的生活。实际上，这些发现支持需要具体说明不同类型的 SGBV，并提供机会按类型定制干预措施。
