Zacharopoulos George, Hertz Uri, Kanai Ryota, Bahrami Bahador
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Cogn Neurosci. 2022 Jan;13(1):38-46. doi: 10.1080/17588928.2020.1828323. Epub 2020 Dec 24.
Receiving feedback from our environment that informs us about the outcomes of our actions helps us assess our abilities (e.g., metacognition) and to flexibly adapt our behavior, consequently increasing our chances of success. However, a detailed examination of the effect of feedback on the brain activation during perceptual and confidence judgments as well as the interrelations between perceptual accuracy, prospective and retrospective confidence remains unclear. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neural response to feedback valence and source in visual contrast discrimination together with prospective confidence judgments at the beginning of each block and retrospective confidence judgments after every decision. Positive feedback was associated with higher activation (or lower deactivation depending on the area) in areas previously involved in attention, performance monitoring and visual regions during the perceptual judgment than during the confidence judgment. Changes in prospective confidence were positively related to changes in perceptual accuracy as well as to the corresponding retrospective confidence. Thus, feedback information impacted multiple, qualitatively different brain processing states, and we also revealed the dynamic interplay between prospective, perceptual accuracy and retrospective self-assessment.
从我们的环境中接收反馈，这些反馈告知我们行动的结果，这有助于我们评估自己的能力（例如，元认知）并灵活调整我们的行为，从而增加我们成功的机会。然而，关于反馈对感知和信心判断过程中大脑激活的影响，以及感知准确性、前瞻性和回顾性信心之间的相互关系，仍不清楚。在这里，我们使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）来研究在视觉对比度辨别中对反馈效价和来源的神经反应，以及在每个区块开始时的前瞻性信心判断和每次决策后的回顾性信心判断。与信心判断期间相比，在感知判断期间，积极反馈与先前涉及注意力、表现监测和视觉区域的区域中更高的激活（或更低的去激活，取决于区域）相关。前瞻性信心的变化与感知准确性的变化以及相应的回顾性信心呈正相关。因此，反馈信息影响了多个性质不同的大脑处理状态，并且我们还揭示了前瞻性、感知准确性和回顾性自我评估之间的动态相互作用。
